9.7 分詞的時態(tài)
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1)與主語動詞同時,
 Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.  聽到這一消息,他高興得手舞足蹈。
 Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 剛一到那兒,他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。

典型例題
  The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare  B. preparing  C. prepared  D. was preparing 
  答案B. 此處沒有連詞,不能選D,否則出現(xiàn)了兩個謂語動詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中選一個。又因前后兩個動作同時發(fā)生,且與主語為主動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。

2)先于主動詞
  While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時他傷了腿。
  分詞作時間狀語,如果先與主動詞的動作,且強調(diào)先后, 要用having done。
  Having finished his homework, he went out.
  =As he had finished his homework, he went out.
   做完作業(yè)后,他出去了。

典型例題
  ___ a reply, he decided to write again. 
A. Not receiving  B. Receiving not  C. Not having received  D. Having not received  
  答案C. 本題考查分詞的時態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷,分詞的動作(接信)發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作(決心再寫信)之前,因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞,故選C。該句可理解為:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.