虛擬語(yǔ)氣的十大句型

一、虛擬條件句：
條件狀語(yǔ)從句是非真實(shí)情況，在這種情況下要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
1．條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致，其句型為：
句型1：If?＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)＋?should?(could,?would,?或might)?＋動(dòng)詞原形
(1)?If?I?were?you,?I?would?study?hard.
(2)?If?it?rained,?I?would?not?be?here?now.
2．條件從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致，其句型為：
句型2：If?＋主語(yǔ)＋had＋過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)＋?should（could,?would,?或might）＋?have?＋過(guò)去分詞
(3)?If?the?doctor?had?come?last?night,?the?boy?would?have?been?saved.
(4)?If?I?had?not?studied?hard,?I?would?have?failed?in?the?exam?last?term.
3．條件從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)不一致，其句型為：
句型3：If?＋主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)/?should?＋動(dòng)詞原形/?were?to＋動(dòng)詞原形，主語(yǔ)＋?should?(could,?would,?或might)?＋動(dòng)詞原形
(5)?If?it?should?rain?tomorrow,?we?would?stay?at?home.
(6)?If?I?were?to?go?to?the?moon?one?day,?I?could?see?it?with?my?own?eyes.
(7)?If?you?missed?the?film?tonight,?you?would?feel?sorry.

注意問(wèn)題：
1．If條件句中絕對(duì)不可以出現(xiàn)would。
2．根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可能出現(xiàn)“混合虛擬”的情況，即主句可能是現(xiàn)在的情況，條件句也許是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的情況，但都要遵守上述句型。如：
(8)?If?you?had?studied?hard?before,?you?would?be?a?college?student?now?and?you?would?graduate?from?a?college?in?four?years’?time.
3．條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were,?had,?should可省去if，將主語(yǔ)與這些詞倒裝。例如：
?(9)?Had?the?doctor?come?last?night,?the?boy?would?have?been?saved.
(10)?Were?I?to?go?to?the?moon?one?day,?I?would?see?it?with?my?own?eyes.
(11)?Should?it?rain?tomorrow,?we?would?stay?at?home.

二、名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣：
在表示命令、建議、要求、驚嘆時(shí)的名詞性從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，基本句型：
句型4：主語(yǔ)＋（should）＋動(dòng)詞原形
(12)?Mother?insisted?that?John?(should)?go?to?bed?at?9?o’clock.（賓語(yǔ)從句）
(13)?It?was?required?that?the?crops?(should)?be?harvested?at?once.（主語(yǔ)從句）
(14)?It?is?surprising?that?she?shouldn’t?pass?the?math?exam.?（主語(yǔ)從句）
(15)?The?suggestion?that?he?(should)?be?invited?was?rejected.（同位語(yǔ)從句）
(16)?Their?demand?is?that?their?wages?(should)?be?increased.（表語(yǔ)從句）
注意：在這種句子中絕不可以出現(xiàn)would,must,?could等。

三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在一些特殊詞中的使用或含蓄條件句：
句型5：wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句
與現(xiàn)在愿望不一致：主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)；
與過(guò)去愿望不一致：主語(yǔ)＋?had?＋過(guò)去分詞/?could?＋?have＋過(guò)去分詞；
與未來(lái)愿望不一致：主語(yǔ)＋?would?/?could?＋動(dòng)詞原形。如；
(17)?I?wish?I?were?you.
(18)?I?wish?I?had?visited?the?White?House?when?I?was?in?the?States.
(19)?I?wish?I?could?meet?you?tomorrow?at?the?party.
句型6：It’s?time句型（當(dāng)It’s?time后用that從句時(shí)應(yīng)該為“主語(yǔ)＋?should?＋動(dòng)詞原形”或“主語(yǔ)＋過(guò)去時(shí)”）
(20)?It’s?time?that?you?went?/?should?go?to?school.
句型7：If?only引起的感嘆句相當(dāng)于“How?I?wish?＋賓語(yǔ)從句”
(21)?If?only?he?could?come!?他要能來(lái)就好了。
(22)?If?only?I?had?known?the?answer!?我要早知答案就好了。
句型8：would?rather,?as?if（though）引導(dǎo)的句子也需使用虛擬，表示過(guò)去的情況用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示現(xiàn)在與將來(lái)的情況
用過(guò)去時(shí)。
(23)?I’d?rather?you?posted?the?letter?right?away.
(24)?I’d?rather?you?had?returned?the?book?yesterday.
(25)?She?loves?the?children?as?if?they?were?hers.
(26)?Alan?talked?about?Rome?as?if?he?had?been?there.
句型9：without,?but,?but?for,?but?that,?otherwise引起的短語(yǔ)或句子常暗含著虛擬條件。
(27)?Without?you,?I?would?never?know?him.
(28)?But?for?your?cooperation,?we?wouldn’t?have?done?the?work?so?well.
(29)?But?that?she?was?afraid,?she?would?have?said?no.
(30)?I?would?be?most?glad?to?help?you,?but?I’?am?busy?now.
(31)?I?should?have?come?to?the?party?yesterday,?but?I?was?busy.
(32)?I?am?busy?now;?otherwise?I?would?do?you?the?favor!
句型10：If?it?were?not?for?...?/?If?it?hadn’t?been?for?...?(要不是因?yàn)椤?，其后面的主句也需使用虛擬。
(33)?If?it?were?not?for?his?help,?I?wouldn’t?go?home?now.
(34)?If?it?hadn’t?been?for?the?determined?captain,?all?the?passengers?on?the?board?wouldn’t?have?been?saved.