決定聽寫難度的關(guān)鍵是體裁，因此考生需要了解歷年聽寫試題的選材，同時熟悉各種體裁的框架。聽寫的選材廣泛而不生僻，涉及記敘、描寫和說明等文體，難度適中，不會超過聽力理解部分的難度，詞匯不超綱，不出現(xiàn)太生僻的人名、地名等專有名詞，背景知識也不會太復(fù)雜，不超出大部分學(xué)生應(yīng)掌握的常識。下面從體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容、詞匯等方面來分析聽寫的特征。

1 體裁基本為說明文

以上是2005~2012年的聽寫選材。近幾年的聽寫短文基本選用說明文，文章一般為簡單說明，少有主觀議論。這幾年的聽寫材料大多來自英語原文網(wǎng)站，建議大家平時多聽和閱讀網(wǎng)站上的內(nèi)容。即便沒有原題，也可以了解英語語言和文化，拓寬知識面。

2 話題廣泛，但不涉及專業(yè)知識

聽寫選材豐富，包括社會、文化、日常知識、科普常識等，所涉及的背景知識能為學(xué)生所理解，不需要特定的專業(yè)知識?？忌绕湫枰鹬匾暤氖?，近幾年的話題更加貼近我們的日常生活和文化，包括中國的傳統(tǒng)文化，如2010年的新生的一周（來自BBC網(wǎng)站）、2009年的除夕。

例題1（2011真題）

British Holidaying Habits

In the late 1970s, air travel became affordable/ for the average family in the UK, /and more?people started travelling abroad for their summer holidays./ After all, the British weather wasn’t
very good, even in summer,/ so a lot of people left the country for a vacation./?In the 1980s and 1990s, young people in the UK became wealthier on average./ As a result,?they started to go abroad in groups,/ to places such as Spain and Greece./ Once they arrived at their?destination/, they met with other groups of young people and had one long party./?British holidaying habits have begun to change, however./ Climate change means that the UK?now has a hotter climate,/ so people do not need to go overseas to fi nd good weather. /Also, going?abroad is more expensive./ As a result, more British people are choosing to spend their summer?holidays in the UK./

最近幾年的聽寫短文大多和文化相關(guān)。文化影響人們的生活習(xí)慣，一定程度上也會影響人們的思維方式和語言使用。所以，在外語學(xué)習(xí)過程中，同學(xué)們要通過學(xué)習(xí)英語了解英語文化和中國文化的異同，通過學(xué)習(xí)英語文化來了解英漢語言使用的異同。

3 短文主旨清晰，層次分明

聽寫短文具有主題突出、條理分明、層次清楚、語言簡潔、邏輯性強等特點。2012年生態(tài)旅游這篇聽寫材料的第一句話就是主題句，第二句話舉例說明現(xiàn)在人們的生活方式盡量不會對環(huán)境造成破壞，如回收報紙、瓶子，乘坐公交車上班，購買本地產(chǎn)的水果和蔬菜。第三句話講人們旅游時也特別注重保護環(huán)境，因此出現(xiàn)了各式各樣的新式旅游。材料最后部分闡述這些新型旅游的特征。本篇聽寫材料的語言特征：相同含義的單詞復(fù)現(xiàn)率較高，如tourism,語言簡潔，沒有特別難的單詞和句式。

例題2（2012真題）

Eco-tourism

Nowadays, many of us try to live in a way/that will damage the environment as little as possible./?We recycle our newspapers and bottles, /we take public transport to get to work, and we try to buy
locally produced fruit and vegetables. /And we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. /This?is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming popular in the world. /There are lots of names for?these new forms of tourism: /responsible tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educational?tourism, and more. /Although everyone may have a different defi nition, /most people agree that these?new forms of tourism should do the following. /First, they should conserve the wildlife and culture?of the area. /Second, they should benefi t the local people. /Third, they should make a profi t without?destroying natural resources, /and fi nally they should provide an experience that tourists want to pay?for. /

4 語言難度適中

所用詞匯基本不超綱。文章一般不出現(xiàn)較生僻的人名和地名。句子結(jié)構(gòu)不復(fù)雜，基本上以簡單句和復(fù)合句為主。一篇短文通常會有兩三個長句，但在朗讀時停頓明顯，比較容易判斷。