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Oil（油）

5. There is a lot of luck in drilling for oil. The drill may just miss the oil although it is near; on the other hand, it may strike oil at a fairly high level. When the drill goes down, it brings up soil. The samples of soil from various depths are examined for traces of oil. If they are disappointed at one place, the drillers go to another. Great sums of money have been spent, for example in the deserts of Egypt, in 'prospecting' for oil. Sometimes little is found. When we buy a few gallons of petrol for our cars, we pay not only the cost of the petrol, but also part of the cost of the search that is always going on.

5、在鉆井采油中也常要碰運氣。鉆頭可能離油很近，但卻失之交臂。而有時鉆頭可能在很淺處就碰上了油。鉆頭鉆下去，把土帶上來。人們檢驗從不同深處帶上來的土樣以探明油跡。如果一處落空了，鉆井工就轉(zhuǎn)移到另一處。為了“勘探”石油，已花費了巨額錢財，例如在埃及沙漠就是那樣。有時所獲甚微。當我們?yōu)樽约旱钠囐徺I幾加侖汽油時，我們付的不僅僅是汽油的價錢，而且還包括了一部分不斷在進行著的勘探費用。

6. When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.

6、當原油從油田取得后，就被送往煉油廠去處理。最常見的處理方式是加熱。油加熱時最早升起的蒸汽冷卻后就為最好的汽油。汽油沸點低，如果倒入少許在手上，它立即就蒸發(fā)掉。稍后從油中分離出來的氣體就被冷凝成煤油，最后制出的各種不同等級的潤滑油。而剩下的部分是用作燃料的重油。

7. There are four main areas of the world where deposits of oil appear. The first is that of the Middle East, and includes the regions near the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf, another is the area between North and South America, and the third, between Asia and Australia, Includes the islands of Sumatra, Borneo and Java.

7、世界上已探明的主要蘊藏石油地區(qū)有4個，第一是中東地區(qū)，包括里海、黑海、紅海和波斯灣附近地區(qū)，另一個是北美和南美間的油區(qū)，而第三個是亞洲和澳洲之間的地區(qū)，包括蘇門答臘、婆羅洲和爪洼島。

8. The forth area is the part near the North Pole. When all the present oilfields are exhausted, it is possible that this cold region may become the scene of oil activity. Yet the difficulties will be great, and the costs may be so high that no company will undertake the work. If progress in using atomic power to drive machines is fast enough, it is possible that oil-driven engines may give place to the new kind of engine. In that case the demand for oil will fall, the oilfields will gradually disappear, and the deposits at the North Pole may rest where they are for ever.

8、第四個油區(qū)是靠近北極那部分區(qū)域。當所有現(xiàn)今的油田都枯竭了的時候，這一寒冷地區(qū)可能會成為石油競爭活動的場所。然而困難將是很大的，同時代價也可能很高，因此沒有一家公司肯承擔這一任務(wù)。如果利用原子能來開動機器方面的工作進展迅速，那么以油為動力的發(fā)電機可能讓位于新型發(fā)動機。在那種情況下，對石油的需求量將下降，油田將逐漸消失，而北極的儲油也可能永遠睡在原地。

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