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You Bet Your Life（以命相賭）

6. Some of the first commercial insurance companies began around 1580 in England. These companies were some of the first to accept payment for insurance. Fire insurance became more popular after the fire in London in 1666. This was one of the most terrible fires in history. It lasted for five days. London had to be rebuilt almost completely. No wonder that many people decided to try fire insurance after that.

6、1580年左右，英國第一批商業(yè)保險公司開始營業(yè)。這幾家是最早接受為保險付費的公司中的一部分。1666年倫敦大火之后，火災險變得普及。倫敦大火是歷史上最嚴重的火災之一，它持續(xù)了五天。倫敦幾乎需要全部重建。難怪很多人在其后決定試買火災險。

7. We think today's insurance companies are large, but there was also a pretty big company about two hundred years ago in England. The company still does business. The name of the company is Lloyd's of London. It carried more than ￡600,000 of insurance between 1793&1815. The England pound was then worth many times what it is worth today; so you can see how big Lloyd's was then. Of course, it didn't make money all the time. For example, around 1975 the company paid a claim of ￡190,000. In American money, that would be nearly half a million dollars.

7、我們覺得今天的保險公司都很大，但在200年前的英國，也有一家相當大的保險公司。這家名叫倫敦勞埃德的保險公司至今仍在營業(yè)，1793到1815年間，該公司包括了60萬英鎊保險。當時英鎊的價值是它今天價值的很多倍，你可以想象當時的勞埃德公司有多大。顯然，它不可能所有時間都賺錢。例如，1795年，它支付給客戶19萬英鎊保險金。折算成美元，它差不多是五十萬美金。

8. Lloyd’s has become famous for some of the unusual things it has insured. For instance Lloyd has insured against the birth of twins. If twins had been born to the family insured, the company would have had to pay a certain amount of money to the parents. You can see in this example that some insurance is a little like gambling. There have also been many cases of famous performers or athletes who have insured themselves against accidents. Suppose a very good actor feared that his looks could be injured. If they were, he would not be able to make a living as an actor. Therefore, he might attempt to insure himself against that possibility.

8、勞埃德之所以有名還因為它對一些非平常的事進行保險。例如它保險不生雙胞胎。如果投險家庭生出雙胞胎，保險公司將必須支付一定數(shù)量的錢給父母。在這個例子里，你能看到某些保險是有一點像賭博。還有些著名演員和運動員對他們在活動中的意外事故保險。假定一個非常好的演員害怕他的容貌可能受傷。如果事情發(fā)生了，他將不能作為演員賺錢生活。因此，他可能試圖針對這種可能性保險他自身。

9. Now there are companies that will insure people for damage caused by a sonic boom. A sonic boom is the loud crash and shaking that happens when a jet plane goes faster than the speed of sound. When this happens, a shock wave hits the earth and may break windows or cause ceilings to crack. If you're not near an airport used by jets, you may not need to worry about sonic booms, but some people do suffer damage in this way. They want to make sure that they don't have to pay all the repair bills themselves.

9、現(xiàn)在，有些保險公司將對聲爆對人們造成的損害保險。聲爆是當噴氣式飛機超音速行駛時產生的巨大碰撞和搖動聲。當聲爆發(fā)生時，沖擊波擊打地面，可能震破窗戶或造成頂棚破裂。如果你不在靠近噴氣機場的地方住，你不需要擔心聲爆，但是，某些人的確在這方面受到損害。他們希望得到保證，使自己不必付這些修理費。

10. From protection against enemies to social security to sonic booms, insurance has come a long way.

10、從保證不受敵人侵犯，到社會安全，到聲爆，保險業(yè)走過了一條長長的路。

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