【備戰(zhàn)2011年職稱英語考試】核心語法精講(1)
語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如果主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者是說動(dòng)作是由主語完成的，要用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，或者是說動(dòng)作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的，則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
被動(dòng)語態(tài)考點(diǎn)聚焦
(一)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的概念：
不知道或沒必要提到動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（by短語有時(shí)可以省略）。
(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：
be + 過去分詞，口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示。
(三)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本用法：
(1)使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問題。
?、僦鲃?dòng)變化被動(dòng)時(shí)雙賓語的變化?？聪铝欣?。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
?、谥鲃?dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)(位置不變)；(作補(bǔ)語的)不定式前需加to。
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
③短語動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
?、芮閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)，只需將它們后面的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞。
?、莓?dāng)句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時(shí)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)有兩種形式：(A)謂語動(dòng)詞用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主補(bǔ)。(B)用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面，用主語從句來表示。如：
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
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