We face some common obstacles that get in the way of our decision-making skills. Understanding and overcoming them is essential to breaking destructive decision-making patterns and getting to better outcomes.
在我們做決定時(shí)，通常會(huì)面臨一些障礙。理解并克服這些障礙有助于我們打破有害的決策模式，獲得更好的結(jié)果。

Here are 5 common obstacles and how to deal with them.
以下是五種常見障礙以及相應(yīng)的解決方案。

Obstacle 1: Putting Too Much Importance on Your “Anchor”
障礙一：太過看重“參照”

An anchor is when we place a disproportionate amount of importance on an initial piece of information or data.
參照是指我們過于看重初始信??息或數(shù)據(jù)。

Let's say you are negotiating to buy a new house. For some, the anchor will be the list price. However, someone making strategic decisions will look to the budget as the anchor.
假設(shè)你正在商談購(gòu)買一套新房。對(duì)于某些人來說，他的參照就是房子的定價(jià)。但是，做戰(zhàn)略決策的人會(huì)將預(yù)算視為他的參照。

To overcome the distraction of anchors, you can try writing down the decision you need to make. Then, list the obstacles and challenges.
為了克服參照造成的分心，你可以嘗試寫下自己需要做出的決定。然后，列出你遇到的障礙和挑戰(zhàn)。

Once you understand what's getting in your way, write a series of options, along with the pros and cons of each option.
當(dāng)你明白是什么在阻礙你時(shí)，你可以寫下可能的選擇，以及每個(gè)選擇的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。

This process forces you to slow down and consider the situation from various angles instead of getting sidetracked by one potential option or piece of information.
這個(gè)過程迫使你慢下來并從各個(gè)角度考慮問題，而不是被某個(gè)可能的選擇或信息所牽制。

Obstacle 2: Confirmation Bias
障礙二：確認(rèn)偏誤

Another persistent problem is one that is difficult to see in ourselves.
另一個(gè)難纏的問題是我們自己很難發(fā)現(xiàn)的。

Confirmation bias, in which we look for and interpret information in ways that support what we believe, can be influenced by a decision to be “right”?or wishful thinking.
所謂確認(rèn)偏誤就是從支持自身觀點(diǎn)的立場(chǎng)出發(fā)尋找和解釋信息，可能是為了表明自己是“對(duì)的”，或是一廂情愿的想法。

Clues that confirmation bias may be an issue include getting information from the same sources, avoiding information that may hurt your psychological well-being, or “bend”?facts to make them support your beliefs.
確認(rèn)偏誤可能導(dǎo)致問題，表現(xiàn)在從單一來源獲取信息，避免可能引發(fā)心理不適的信息，或“歪曲”事實(shí)以使其支持自身觀點(diǎn)。

Maybe you should try thinking about the problem in different ways, considering the opposite interpretation or solution than your initial inclination. Get information from multiple sources and be sure you carefully consider all aspects before you make a decision.
也許你應(yīng)該嘗試以不同的方式思考問題，考慮相反的解釋或解決方案而不是你最初的意向。從多個(gè)來源獲取信息，并確保在做出決定之前仔細(xì)考慮方方面面。

Obstacle 3: Group Think
障礙三：群體思維

Fear of rejection, embarrassment, or ridicule can lead to group think. Group think is when the team tends to gravitate toward one idea on a regular basis instead of challenging norms and coming up with new approaches.
害怕拒絕、尷尬或被人嘲笑會(huì)導(dǎo)致群體思維。群體思維是一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)傾向于接受常規(guī)想法而不愿挑戰(zhàn)常規(guī)并提出新方法。

It is a big deal, because what happens is if you're striving for innovation, group think will stymie innovation. It will prevent the big breakthroughs from happening.
這是一個(gè)大問題，因?yàn)槿绻阍谂?chuàng)新，群體思維會(huì)阻礙你創(chuàng)新。它將阻礙重大突破的出現(xiàn)。

If you're trying to solve a problem or a challenge, it prevents different perspectives from being voiced and brought to the table. It shuts down creativity, and it even shuts down productivity.
如果你正在嘗試解決問題或挑戰(zhàn)，它會(huì)阻礙不同的觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)。它抑制了創(chuàng)造力，甚至抑制了生產(chǎn)力。

Encourage yourself to challenge norms. Ask for others’?opinions, but never let them make the decision for you.
鼓勵(lì)自己挑戰(zhàn)常規(guī)。詢問他人意見，但絕不讓他人替你做決定。

Obstacle 4: Present Bias
障礙四：當(dāng)前偏誤

Present bias favors immediate rewards over those in the future. The problem with present bias is that it inhibits long-term strategy and forgoing long-term gains for short-term benefits. Overspending, lack of planning, and procrastination can all be signs of present bias.
當(dāng)前偏誤傾向于選擇當(dāng)前利益優(yōu)于未來回報(bào)。當(dāng)前偏誤的問題在于它抑制了長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)略并且為了短期利益而放棄了長(zhǎng)期利益。超支、缺乏計(jì)劃和拖延癥都可能是當(dāng)前偏誤的跡象。

If you tend to be an impulsive decision maker, impose a “cooling-off”period before you finalize big decisions. And learn to think about the future ramifications of your decisions—both positive and negative.
如果你經(jīng)常做出沖動(dòng)的決定，那么在你做出重大決定之前，要給自己一個(gè)“冷靜下來”的階段。學(xué)會(huì)思考你的決定所能帶來的影響，無(wú)論好壞。

Get in touch with your ‘future self’?by frequently imagining your life 10 or more years from today or maybe even when you're retired. Think about your career or business similarly when faced with big decisions.
經(jīng)常聯(lián)想一下從今天起10年或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后甚至退休后的生活，與“將來的自己”保持聯(lián)系。在面臨重要決定時(shí)，務(wù)必把自己的職業(yè)生涯或事業(yè)考慮在內(nèi)。

Obstacle 5: Personal Patterns
障礙五：個(gè)人模式

In addition to common challenges, gaining insight into your personal decision-making patterns can help you make better decision.
除了常見的挑戰(zhàn)之外，深入了解你的個(gè)人決策模式可以幫助你做出更好的決定。

Depending on what your pattern is, where you get tripped up will be different for you.
個(gè)人模式不同，遇到障礙的地方也會(huì)因人而異。

Reflect on your own personal patterns and motivations in decision making. Look for areas where you may be particularly strong or where decisions haven't gone the way you had hoped.
反思自己的個(gè)人模式和決策動(dòng)機(jī)。查看你可能特別有優(yōu)勢(shì)或者結(jié)果沒有按照你希望的方式進(jìn)行的地方。

Ego sometimes needs to be checked, to be able to defer to others to bring their specialties through. Assessment tools can also help, especially those that have been proven to be highly effective in pinpointing individual decision-making tendencies.
有時(shí)需要反省自我，以便能夠遵從他人從事自己的專業(yè)。評(píng)估工具也可以提供幫助，尤其是那些已被證明在確定個(gè)人決策傾向方面非常有效的評(píng)估工具。

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