比較過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
2007-01-01 00:00
11.10 比較過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) | ||
? | 1)過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作;現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 2)過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,或無時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always, 不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 3)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 過去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 舉例: I saw this film yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了。) I have seen this film. ?。◤?qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。) Why did you get up so early? ?。◤?qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了。) Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子,可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。) She has returned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來了。 He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He has been a League member for three years. (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團(tuán),joined為短暫行為。) I have finished my homework now. ---Will somebody go and get Dr. White? ---He's already been sent for. 句子中如有過去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞(如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時(shí),不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),要用過去時(shí)。 (錯(cuò))Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (對(duì))Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. |