He suggested joining the English language society in college.
The sign in the restaurant asked the customers not the smoke.
她說(shuō):“是的!我考試得了A?!?/div>
She exclaimed with amazement that she had gotten an A in her exam.
她驚奇地驚呼她考試得了A。
They said, “Oh no! We lost our car keys.
他們說(shuō):“哦不!我們的車(chē)鑰匙丟了。
They exclaimed with disbelief that they had lost their car keys.
他們不敢相信自己把車(chē)鑰匙丟了。
17. Mixed Type Sentences in Indirect Speech
間接引語(yǔ)中的混合句
Finally, we will look at what happens to a mixed type sentence structure in direct and indirect speech. A mixed type sentence structure can be a statement or a question that contains more than one clause and more than one tense. If we look at the mixed type phrase below, you will see that there are two parts to the phrase.
最后,我們將研究直接和間接言語(yǔ)中的混合型句子結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)發(fā)生什么?;旌闲途渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)可以是包含多個(gè)子句和多個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的語(yǔ)句或問(wèn)題。如果我們看一下下面的混合型短語(yǔ),你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)短語(yǔ)有兩部分。
You have a lot of work to do. Can I help you?
你有很多工作要做。我能幫助你嗎?
Can you see how the example above is divided into two separate sections? The first section is a statement; you have a lot of work to do and the next sections is a questions can I help you? If we want put this sentence in direct speech we can simply quote what was said, below is an example of a mixed type sentence in direct speech.
你能看到上面的例子是如何分成兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的部分的嗎?第一部分是一個(gè)陳述;你有很多工作要做,下一部分是一個(gè)問(wèn)題我能幫你嗎?如果我們想把這個(gè)句子放在直接引語(yǔ)中,我們可以簡(jiǎn)單地引用所說(shuō)的話,下面是一個(gè)直接引語(yǔ)中混合型句子的例子。
He said, “You have a lot of work to do. Can I help you?”
他說(shuō),“你有很多工作要做。我能幫助你嗎?”
There is no need to change the tense or a pronoun here, simply narrate what was said. What do you think happens with indirect speech? We know from the indirect speech formula that we usually change the tense and the pronoun, we also know that questions in indirect speech require changes too. Mixed type sentences can be divided into sections; statements and questions for example. With indirect speech we must introduce each section with an appropriate verb, this means the statement section should be introduced by a particular verb such as tell or say whereas the question section needs to introduced by verbs like ask or wonder.
這里不需要改變時(shí)態(tài)或代詞,只需敘述所說(shuō)的話。你認(rèn)為間接引語(yǔ)會(huì)怎么樣?我們從間接引語(yǔ)公式中知道,我們通常會(huì)改變時(shí)態(tài)和代詞,我們也知道間接引語(yǔ)中的疑問(wèn)句也需要改變。混合型句子可以分成幾個(gè)部分,例如陳述句和疑問(wèn)句。對(duì)于間接引語(yǔ),我們必須用一個(gè)合適的動(dòng)詞來(lái)介紹每一部分,這意味著陳述部分應(yīng)該由一個(gè)特定的動(dòng)詞如tell或say來(lái)介紹,而問(wèn)題部分則需要由ask或wonder等動(dòng)詞來(lái)介紹。
Let’s use the example above and see how it changes in the indirect speech.
讓我們用上面的例子看看它在間接引語(yǔ)中是如何變化的。
He said that Clare had a lot of work to do and asked if he could help her.
他說(shuō)克萊爾有很多工作要做,問(wèn)他能不能幫她。
Can you see how the two introductory verbs say and ask separate the two sections? Said introduces the statement and asked introduces the question. That and if are used in the same way they are used with regular sentence structures in indirect speech. The tense and aspect of time also follows the same rule, they usually have to be changed into the past. Look at the examples below, keeping in mind the various sections, introductory verbs, pronouns, tense and overall word order.
你能看到這兩個(gè)導(dǎo)言動(dòng)詞是怎么說(shuō)的嗎?賽義德介紹了聲明并被問(wèn)到了介紹問(wèn)題。如果以同樣的方式使用,它們?cè)陂g接引語(yǔ)中與常規(guī)句子結(jié)構(gòu)一起使用。時(shí)間的時(shí)態(tài)和體也遵循同樣的規(guī)則,它們通常都必須轉(zhuǎn)換成過(guò)去式??聪旅娴睦樱涀「鱾€(gè)部分,介紹性動(dòng)詞,代詞,時(shí)態(tài)和整體詞序。
She said, “I am so hungry. Can I have something to eat?”
她說(shuō):“我太餓了。我能吃點(diǎn)東西嗎?”
She complained that she was hungry and asked if she could have something to eat.
她抱怨說(shuō)她餓了,問(wèn)她能不能吃點(diǎn)東西。
Emmet said, “Do you like learning English? I love it!”
埃米特說(shuō):“你喜歡學(xué)英語(yǔ)嗎?我喜歡!”
Emmet asked if she liked learning English and exclaimed that he loved it.
埃米特問(wèn)她是否喜歡學(xué)英語(yǔ),并大聲說(shuō)他喜歡。
So there you go! I have included all you need to know about direct and indirect speech. How did you find it? You should now be able to point out differences between the two speech acts.
所以你來(lái)了!我已經(jīng)包括了所有你需要知道的關(guān)于直接和間接言語(yǔ)。你怎么找到的?你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該能夠指出這兩種言語(yǔ)行為之間的區(qū)別了。
That the direct speech narrates exactly what has been said and that when using the indirect speech you must make a few changes. For example, there may be change in tense, a change in pronoun or a change in time. What else is different? Remember, we don’t use quotation marks when using indirect speech, we also don’t need the comma before the narrated phrase. Keep in mind that when an interrogative sentence is in the indirect speech, the word order switches from the interrogative sentence structure to the affirmative sentence structure. I have given an example below to remind you.
直接引語(yǔ)準(zhǔn)確地?cái)⑹隽怂f(shuō)的話,當(dāng)使用間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),你必須做一些改變。例如,時(shí)態(tài)的變化、代詞的變化或時(shí)間的變化。還有什么不同?記住,我們?cè)谑褂瞄g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)不使用引號(hào),也不需要在敘述短語(yǔ)前加逗號(hào)。記住,當(dāng)疑問(wèn)句在間接引語(yǔ)中時(shí),語(yǔ)序從疑問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為肯定句結(jié)構(gòu)。我舉了一個(gè)例子來(lái)提醒你。
She asked, “Is it raining?”
她問(wèn):“下雨了嗎?”
She asked if it was raining.
她問(wèn)是不是在下雨。
Do you see how the verb ‘to be’ moves from before the pronoun to after the pronoun? When writing an interrogative sentence, don’t forget to put ‘if’ before the narrated phrase! I hope you found this article helpful and the two speech acts are a lot clearer for you now. Remember, the indirect speech is telling you what was said before, so most of the time you will have to change the verb tense and pronoun, but use the list of verb tenses I gave you as a guide, it really does help!
你看到動(dòng)詞“to be”是如何從代詞前移到代詞后的嗎?在寫(xiě)疑問(wèn)句時(shí),不要忘記在敘述的短語(yǔ)前加上“if”!我希望你覺(jué)得這篇文章對(duì)你有幫助,現(xiàn)在這兩個(gè)言語(yǔ)行為對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)更清楚了。記住,間接引語(yǔ)是告訴你之前所說(shuō)的話,所以大多數(shù)時(shí)候你必須改變動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和代詞,但是用我給你的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)列表作為指導(dǎo),它確實(shí)有幫助!
Direct and Indirect Speech Exercises
直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)的練習(xí)
Here are exercises to help you practice what you have learnt about direct and indirect speech. I have also provided you with the answers. When completing the worksheet keep in mind the parts of the sentence you might need to change such as the tense, the pronoun, the adverb of time and the overall word order. Good luck!
這里有一些練習(xí)可以幫助你練習(xí)你所學(xué)的直接和間接言語(yǔ)。我也給了你答案。完成工作表時(shí),請(qǐng)記住句子中可能需要更改的部分,如時(shí)態(tài)、代詞、時(shí)間副詞和整體詞序。祝你好運(yùn)!
1. Complete the sentences below:
完成下列句型:
1. She said, “I am so happy!”
她說(shuō):“我太高興了!”
She said ___________________________________________.
2. Tom said, “I cooked dinner last night”
湯姆說(shuō),“我昨晚做了晚飯”
Tom said ___________________________________________.
3. They said, “We are going to the football match”
他們說(shuō),“我們要去看足球賽”
They said ___________________________________________.
4.He said, “Kevin is training for the marathon”
他說(shuō),“凱文正在為馬拉松訓(xùn)練”
He said _____________________________________________.
5. I said, “the shop closes at 7 P.M. tonight”
我說(shuō),“商店今晚7點(diǎn)關(guān)門(mén)”
I said _______________________________________________.
6. The teacher said, “You will have a test tomorrow”
老師說(shuō):“你明天要考試”
The teacher said ______________________________________.
7. “She had forgotten her homework,” she said.
“她忘了帶作業(yè),”她說(shuō)。
She said ___________________________________________.
8. “It has been raining all day, today,” he said.
“今天下了一整天的雨,”他說(shuō)。
He said ____________________________________________.
2. Complete the sentences using modal verbs:
用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成句子:
1. Jane said, “I can’t go to the party tonight”
簡(jiǎn)說(shuō),“我今晚不能去參加聚會(huì)”
Jane said ___________________________________________.
2. He said, “I may move to Canada next year”
他說(shuō),“我明年可能搬到加拿大去”
He said ____________________________________________.
3. They said, “We should go to the cinema next week”
他們說(shuō),“我們下周應(yīng)該去看電影”
They said ___________________________________________.
4. She said, “Kate ought to go to the doctor tomorrow”
她說(shuō),“凱特明天應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生”
She said ___________________________________________.
5. “We can drive to the exam centre together,” the students said.
學(xué)生們說(shuō):“我們可以一起開(kāi)車(chē)去考試中心?!?。
The students said ____________________________________.
6. Gerry said, “I would go to the theatre if I had money”
格里說(shuō):“如果我有錢(qián),我就去看戲?!?/div>
Gerry said ___________________________________________.
7. “We ought to clean the house before our parents come home,” they said.
他們說(shuō):“我們應(yīng)該在父母回家之前打掃房子。”
They said ___________________________________________.
8. He said, “I must check how much the tickets cost”
他說(shuō),“我得查一下票的價(jià)格”
He said ___________________________________________.
3. Change the questions below from direct speech to indirect speech:
將下列問(wèn)題從直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ):
1. She said to her daughter, “Are you coming home for dinner?”
___________________________________________________.
2. I said, “How old are you?”
我說(shuō),“你多大了?”
___________________________________________________.
3. They asked each other, “What will we do this summer?”
他們問(wèn)對(duì)方:“今年夏天我們要做什么?”
___________________________________________________.
4. He said to Kim, “Why are you shouting?”
他對(duì)金姆說(shuō):“你為什么大喊大叫?”
___________________________________________________.
5. I said to them, “Is the movie over?”
我對(duì)他們說(shuō):“電影結(jié)束了嗎?”
___________________________________________________.
6. He asked her, “Are you ok?”
他問(wèn)她,“你沒(méi)事吧?”
___________________________________________________.
7. I asked, “When is your birthday?”
我問(wèn),“你什么時(shí)候生日?”
___________________________________________________.
8. The teacher said, “Are you ready for the test?”
老師說(shuō):“你準(zhǔn)備好考試了嗎?”
___________________________________________________.
Answers:
答案:
1. Complete the sentences below:
完成下列句子:
1. She said, “I am so happy!” She exclaimed that she was so happy.
她說(shuō):“我太高興了!她大聲說(shuō)她很高興。
2. Tom said, “I cooked dinner last night”Tom complained that he had cooked dinner the night before.
湯姆說(shuō),“我昨晚做了晚飯”湯姆抱怨說(shuō)他前一天晚上做了晚飯。
3. They said, “We are going to the football match”They said that they were going to the football match.
他們說(shuō),“我們要去看足球賽”他們說(shuō)他們要去看足球賽。
4. He said, “Kevin is training for the marathon”He said that Kevin was training for the marathon.
他說(shuō),“凱文正在為馬拉松訓(xùn)練”他說(shuō)凱文正在為馬拉松訓(xùn)練。
5. I said, “the shop closes at 7 P.M. tonight”I said that the shop closed at 7 P.M. last night.
我說(shuō),“商店今晚7點(diǎn)關(guān)門(mén)”,我說(shuō)商店昨晚7點(diǎn)關(guān)門(mén)。
6. The teacher said, “You will have a test tomorrow”The teacher told me that I would have a test the next day.
老師說(shuō),“你明天要考試”老師告訴我第二天我要考試。
7. “She had forgotten her homework,” she said.She said that she had forgotten her homework.
“她忘了她的家庭作業(yè),”她說(shuō)。她說(shuō)她忘了她的家庭作業(yè)。
8. “It has been raining all day, today,” he said.He commented that is had been raining all day, that day.
“今天下了一整天的雨,”他說(shuō)。他說(shuō)那天下了一整天的雨。
2. Complete the sentences using modal verbs:
用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成句子:
1. Jane said, “I can’t go to the party tonight”Jane said that she couldn’t go to the party last night.
簡(jiǎn)說(shuō):“我今晚不能去參加聚會(huì)?!焙?jiǎn)說(shuō)她昨晚不能去參加聚會(huì)。
2. He said, “I may move to Canada next year”He said that he might move to Canada next year.
他說(shuō),“我明年可能搬到加拿大去”,他說(shuō)他明年可能搬到加拿大去。
3. They said, “We should go to the cinema next week”They said that they should go to the cinema next week.
他們說(shuō),“我們下周應(yīng)該去看電影”他們說(shuō)他們下周應(yīng)該去看電影。
4. She said, “Kate ought to go to the doctor tomorrow”She said that Kate ought to go to the doctor today.
她說(shuō):“凱特明天應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生?!彼f(shuō)凱特今天應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生。
5. “We can drive to the exam centre together,” the students said.The students said that they could drive to the exam centre together.
“我們可以一起開(kāi)車(chē)去考試中心,”學(xué)生們說(shuō)。學(xué)生們說(shuō)他們可以一起開(kāi)車(chē)去考試中心。
6. Gerry said, “I would go to the theatre if I had money”Gerry said that he would go to the theatre if he had money.
格里說(shuō):“如果我有錢(qián),我就去看戲?!备窭镎f(shuō),如果他有錢(qián),他就去看戲。
7. “We ought to clean the house before our parents come home,” they said.They said that they ought to clean the house before their parents came home.
“我們應(yīng)該在父母回家之前打掃房子,”他們說(shuō)。他們說(shuō)他們應(yīng)該在父母回家之前打掃房子。
8. He said, “I must check how much the tickets cost”He said that he had to check how much the tickets cost.
他說(shuō),“我必須檢查一下票的價(jià)格?!彼f(shuō)他必須檢查一下票的價(jià)格。
3. Change the questions below from direct speech to indirect speech:
將下列問(wèn)題從直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ):
1. She said to her daughter, “Are you coming home for dinner?”She asked her daughter if she was coming home for dinner.
她對(duì)女兒說(shuō):“你回家吃飯嗎?”她問(wèn)女兒是否回家吃飯。
2. I said, “How old are you?”I asked him how old he was.
我說(shuō),“你多大了?“我問(wèn)他多大了。
3. They asked each other, “What will we do this summer?”They asked each other what they would do for the summer.
他們問(wèn)對(duì)方:“今年夏天我們要做什么?“他們問(wèn)對(duì)方夏天會(huì)做什么。
4. He said to Kim, “Why are you shouting?”He asked Kim why she was shouting.
他對(duì)金姆說(shuō):“你為什么大喊大叫?他問(wèn)金姆她為什么要喊。
5. I said to them, “Is the movie over?”I wanted to know if the movie was over.
我對(duì)他們說(shuō):“電影結(jié)束了嗎?“我想知道電影是否結(jié)束了。
6. He asked her, “Are you ok?”He wondered if she was ok.
他問(wèn)她,“你沒(méi)事吧?“他想知道她是否沒(méi)事。
7. I asked, “When is your birthday?”I asked him when his birthday was.
我問(wèn),“你什么時(shí)候生日?“我問(wèn)他生日是什么時(shí)候。
8. The teacher said, “Are you ready for the test?”The teacher wanted to know I was ready for the test.
老師說(shuō):“你準(zhǔn)備好考試了嗎?“老師想知道我已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好考試了。