【炫詞/炫語/炫句研究】 　　

1. to sit for examinations: 就相當(dāng)于to take part in examinations 　　

2. qualifying examination;資格考試;體育上的資格賽就叫 qualifying matches 　　

3. graduate studies: “研究生學(xué)習(xí)”的美國說法; 英國的說法是postgraduate studies 　　

4. Master’s program：碩士學(xué)位課程;“本科學(xué)位課程”是undergraduate program或Bachelor’s program; “博士學(xué)位課程”是 Ph.D. program 或 doctoral program; 　　

5. to prepare for examinations: 備考 　　

6. either through …or by …: 要么是通過…, 要么是憑借… 　　

7. years of arduous self-education: 數(shù)年的艱苦自學(xué); arduous：艱難卓絕的; self-education的另一個(gè)說法是self-study; 　　

8. to spend large sums of money attending local training schools: spend time or money (on) doing something; 另外，在large sums of money這個(gè)表達(dá)方式中，雖然money是不可數(shù)的，但作為量詞的sum是可數(shù)的，要用復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞也相應(yīng)要用復(fù)數(shù)。類似的例子有amount, 如large amounts of energy, 其用法與large sums of money相同。 　　

9. examinations-related study materials：與考試相關(guān)的學(xué)習(xí)材料 　　

10. the training programs offered, both online and offline, 網(wǎng)上和網(wǎng)下所提供的培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目;the training programs offered 就相當(dāng)于the training programs (which are )offered; 　　11. a sizable industry: 一個(gè)規(guī)?？捎^的產(chǎn)業(yè);sizable：sufficiently big 　　

12. an alarming fact about this craze is that…有關(guān)這股狂熱，一個(gè)令人震驚的事實(shí)是…… 　　

13. students pursue graduate studies not out of their voluntary will: 學(xué)生們不是出于其自主的意愿去尋求研究生學(xué)習(xí)的;pursue graduate studies是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的表達(dá)方式;out of就相當(dāng)于from; voluntary: 自愿的; will：意志，意愿; 　　

14. faced with the harsh reality in the employment market: 面對(duì)著就業(yè)市場上嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實(shí);faced with 一般要用被動(dòng)語態(tài);harsh reality：嚴(yán)峻的現(xiàn)實(shí);the employment market: 就業(yè)市場; 　　

15. where employers forever look for graduates with higher degrees：where指in the employment market;graduates with higher degrees：擁有更高學(xué)位的畢業(yè)生 　　

16. many college graduates find going to graduate schools is a good way to …: many college graduates find 后面省略掉了賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞that;going to graduate schools 是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作主語; 　　

17. avoid unemployment: avoid的用法有二，一是avoid something; 二是avoid doing something; 　　

18. to enhance one’s competitiveness in future job hunting: 提升在未來求職過程中的競爭力;to enhance one’s competitiveness是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的搭配;“競爭優(yōu)勢”叫competitive edge(s); future是形容詞;job hunting是個(gè)固定搭配; 　　

19. voluntary initiative：initiative 是積極性，主動(dòng)性，進(jìn)取心的意思;另外，“中東的和平倡議” 就叫the Middle East peace initiative; 　　

20. most students who do enter graduate schools are not self-motivated: “do enter”是動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式;not self-motivated： 缺乏自我動(dòng)力; 　　

21. the only thing that counts：就相當(dāng)于 the only thing that matters; ultimately: 最終地 　　

22. the degree or the diploma which they expect could give them an upper hand against other job seekers：那個(gè)他們希冀能夠使他們相對(duì)于其他求職者略勝一籌的學(xué)位或文憑;they expect是插入語，并非是定語從句中的主語與謂語;which才是定語從句中的主語，could give是定語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞;類似的例子如：This is a book which I hope would be useful to you. could 采用的是虛擬語氣，表示與實(shí)際并不相符;an upper hand: 優(yōu)勢，上風(fēng); job seekers：求職者，就相當(dāng)于job hunters; 　　

23. as to the actual substance of their graduate studies, it’s not a big deal: as to就相當(dāng)于as for, 表示“至于”. the actual substance: 實(shí)際的內(nèi)容; substance即content; it’s not a big deal口語與書面語中都很常用，表示“并非大事一樁”; 　　

24. as long as it leads to that degree or diploma：只要它能帶來那個(gè)學(xué)位或文憑即可;as long as是連詞，表示“只要”，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語從句; 　　

25. It is really pathetic to see that…: 看到… 真是令人心感悲哀; 　　

26. students undertake graduate studies with an ulterior motive：undertake graduate studies就相當(dāng)于pursue graduate studies; an ulterior motive: 固定詞組，表示“別有用心”的意思; 　　

27. not for the sake of …, but for the sake of … : 不是為了…的緣故，而是為了…的緣故; 　　

28. to land a job, which in many cases might be unrelated to what they have studied: to land a job表示“找到工作”; 在口語中, land當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用是，表示“贏得，得到，找到，撈到”，如to land a contract, to land a trophy, to land a nomination, to land a prize; in many cases: 在許多情形中; 　　

29. the chill truth is that…: 令人心寒的事實(shí)真相是… 　　

30. students soon find (that) their anticipations are a mere dream: 學(xué)生們很快發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們的期望只是一種幻想;find后面省略了引導(dǎo)詞“that”; 　　

31. As so many undergraduates proceed onto graduate studies: as是連詞，表示“由于”、“隨著”，代表原因。undergraduate：本科生; proceed onto … 指停頓或打斷后繼續(xù)進(jìn)行(做)某事; 如： After talking about Plan A, let’s proceed onto Plan B. 　　

32. the employment situation remains as severe as ever: 就業(yè)形勢一如既往地依然嚴(yán)峻。employment situation是個(gè)固定詞組，值得一記; remain是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞，表示“一直處于某種境地或狀態(tài)”;as severe as ever：與以往一樣的嚴(yán)峻;記住“as … as ever”的用法。 　　

33. Instead of bringing about apparent competitive edges, two or three years of additional academic training is simply a waste of time and energy. 二至三年額外的學(xué)術(shù)訓(xùn)練沒能給學(xué)生帶來顯著的競爭優(yōu)勢，反而是白白地浪費(fèi)了他們的時(shí)光與精力;現(xiàn)在分詞短語bringing about apparent competitive edges這個(gè)動(dòng)作，是主句的主語two or three years of additional academic training所發(fā)出的。bringing about或bringing在此處都可以用，意思略微不同;bringing是“帶來”，bringing about是“造成，導(dǎo)致，產(chǎn)生”， competitive edges: 上面已講過，是“競爭優(yōu)勢”的意思;在“two or three years of additional academic training is simply a waste of time and energy” 這個(gè)句子中，有人會(huì)問，two or three years of additional academic training作為一個(gè)充當(dāng)主語的名詞短語，是以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的，與“is a waste of time and energy”中單數(shù)的動(dòng)詞“is”是否一致?；卮鹗?，“是一致的”。 雖然“two or three years of additional academic training”形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但是，它是被動(dòng)作一個(gè)整體來處理的，整個(gè)看作“一段時(shí)間”。 類似的例子如：Two years is a long time to wait. 此外，還有：Three miles is a long distance to walk. 等。a waste of time and energy是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的短語。 　　

34. to reflect on this craze: 單獨(dú)一個(gè)reflect當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞使用時(shí)，是“反映，折射”的意思，如：This article fully reflects his ideas. 但作為不及物動(dòng)詞，與介詞on結(jié)合使用時(shí)，表示“反思，思索”; 　　

35. be better off doing something: 做某事要來的更愜意，(日子)過得更滋潤;如：As long as there are enough to eat and drink, I will be better off living in the countryside. 　　

36. distinguishing themselves with outstanding knowledge and skills: 憑著出色的學(xué)識(shí)與能力使自己脫穎而出;to distinguish somebody with something 是個(gè)值得記住的詞組。