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一.中國文化類

四大發(fā)明：the four great inventions

印刷術(shù)/*活字印刷術(shù)：printing/movable-type printing

造紙術(shù)：paper-making

指南針：compass

火藥：gunpowder

絲綢之路：the Silk Road

瓷器/*陶器：china/pottery

硬幣/紙幣：coins/paper bills

對(duì)外貿(mào)易/海外貿(mào)易/*海上貿(mào)易：foreign trade/overseas trade/maritime commerce

古代文明：ancient civilization

文化交流：cultural exchange

文化沖突：cultural shock/cultural conflict

文化產(chǎn)業(yè)：cultural industry

文化遺產(chǎn)：cultural heritage

鄉(xiāng)村文化：rural culture

民族文化：national culture

民間藝術(shù)：folk art

表演藝術(shù)：performing art

特征：feature/characteristic

祖先：ancestor

哲學(xué)家：philosopher

中國文學(xué)：Chinese literature

中外學(xué)者：Chinese and overseas scholars

巨著：great works

顯著成就：remarkable achievements

神話/傳說：myth/legend

陽歷/陰歷：solar calendar/lunar calendar

金/木/水/火/土：metal/wood/water/fire/earth

工藝/手工藝品：craft/ handicraft

唐朝：Tang Dynasty

始于...年/持續(xù)...時(shí)間/滅亡：begin in/last for/collapse

統(tǒng)治/統(tǒng)治者：govern (v.) rule (v)/ruler (n.)

在...統(tǒng)治下：during the reign of ...

權(quán)力/權(quán)威：power/authority

戲劇/京劇/劇院：drama/Peking Opera/theater

詩人/政客：poet/politician

少數(shù)民族：ethnic minority

社會(huì)地位：social status

起源于：originate in/from …

（在一個(gè)地方起源用in，從一個(gè)地方起源用from）

追溯到: be traced back to …/trace … back to…

發(fā)源地：birthplace

古代：ancient times

現(xiàn)代：modern times

獨(dú)特元素：a unique element

組成（選一背誦即可）：

A constitute B/A comprise B/A make up B （A組成B）

B consist of A/B is composed of A （B由A組成）

【常見錯(cuò)誤：切忌不要用comprise of】

工業(yè)革命：industrial revolution

代表：represent/stand for

象征：symbolize (v.) /symbolic (adj.) /symbol (n.)

繁榮：prosperous (adj.) / prosperity (n.) /flourish (v.)

國寶：national treasure

經(jīng)典模板句練習(xí)：

1. 中國武術(shù)（martial art）的起源可以追溯到自衛(wèi)的需要、狩獵活動(dòng)以及古代中國的軍事訓(xùn)練 。

The origin of Chinese martial art can be traced back to the needs of self-defense, hunting and ancient Chinese military training.

2. 構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在世界基礎(chǔ)的許多元素都起源于中國。

Many elements which constitute/comprise the foundation of the modern world originated in China.

3. 最出名的就是門神和三大神——福神、薪神和壽神（Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity），寓意著莊稼豐收，家畜興旺和慶祝春節(jié) 。

The most famous ones are Door Gods and Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity, symbolizing/which symbolize the good/abundant harvest of crops, the prosperity of domestic/home animals and the celebration of the Spring Festival.

4. 那時(shí)，黃色是專為皇帝使用的顏色，皇家宮殿全都漆成黃色，皇袍總是黃色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黃色衣服的 。

At that time, yellow was only/exclusively used for the emperor. The royal palace was painted yellow and the imperial robe was always yellow. However, ordinary people were forbidden to wear clothes of the color.

5. 反應(yīng)在藝術(shù)和文學(xué)中的鄉(xiāng)村生活理想是中國文明的重要特征。這在很大程度上歸功于道家（Taoist）對(duì)自然的感情。

The rural life ideal reflected in the arts and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization. This, to a large extent, can be attributed to the Taoist affection towards nature.

6. 漢朝統(tǒng)治期間有很多顯著的成就，它最先向其他文化敞開了大門，對(duì)外貿(mào)易興旺。漢朝開拓的絲綢之路通向中西亞乃至羅馬，各類藝術(shù)流派繁榮，涌現(xiàn)了很多文學(xué)，歷史，哲學(xué)巨著。

There are a number of remarkable achievements during the reign of the Han dynasty, which first unlocked the door to other cultures and made foreign trade prosperous. The Silk Road which the Han dynasty has explored led to Central and Western Asia, and even to Rome, with all varieties of art schools flourishing and many works in literature, history and philosophy.

7. 大媽是對(duì)中年婦女的稱呼，但是現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價(jià)大跌時(shí)大量購買黃金的中國婦女。

The word “dama” is used to describe middle-aged women. However, it particularly refers to those Chinese women who rushed to purchase a large amount of gold when the gold price decreased sharply not long ago.

8. 宋朝還最早使用火藥并發(fā)明了活字（movable-type）印刷。人口增長迅速，越來越多的人住進(jìn)城市，那里有熱鬧的娛樂場(chǎng)所。社會(huì)生活多種多樣。人們聚集在一起觀看和交易珍貴藝術(shù)品。宋朝的政府體質(zhì)在當(dāng)時(shí)也是先進(jìn)的。政府官員均通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性考試選拔任用。

The Song Dynasty was the first to use gunpowder and to invent movable-type printing. With rapidly increasing population, more and more people moved into cities, in which entertainment venues were very busy. There are many forms of social life. The Song dynasty also had an advanced government system in the world. All of the government officials were selected and appointed through the competitive examination.?

二.旅游城市類

風(fēng)景/風(fēng)光：scenery/landscape

目的地：destination

景點(diǎn)：tourist attraction/scenic spot

游覽：sightseeing (n.)/see the sight

歷史古跡：historic site

文物：cultural relic

位于：be located in

以…而聞名/作為…而聞名：be famous for …/be famous as

享譽(yù)盛名：earn a great reputation

有…年歷史：has a history of … years

面積/人口：area/population

平方公里：square kilometers

規(guī)模：scale

漁村/水鄉(xiāng)：fishing village/water town

偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)：remote areas

日出/日落：sunrise/sunset

濕潤的/干燥的：wet(humid)/dry

宏偉壯麗：magnificent

治療疾?。簍reat diseases

溫泉/瀑布：hot spring/waterfall

園林建筑：garden architecture

寺廟/殿堂：temple/hall

塔：pagoda/tower

樓：mansion

亭：pavilion

溪/河/海：stream/river/sea

林/田/*牧：forest/field/pasture

東南角/東南部：southeastern corner/southeastern part

華北：North China/northern China/northern regions of China

陜南：southern Shaanxi

江南：Yangtze River Delta

山東省中部：in the center of Shandong Province

山水畫：landscape painting

攝影：photography

獲得靈感：obtain inspiration

纜車：cable cars

新趨勢(shì)：new trend/tendency

背包旅行/背包客：backpacking/backpacker

體驗(yàn)文化：experience cultures

豐富知識(shí)：enlarge knowledge

拓展視野：broaden horizon

生活節(jié)奏：life tempo/pace

餐館/旅館：restaurant/hotel

住宅/集市/庭院：dwelling/market/courtyard

洪水/干旱：flood/drought

衣食住行：clothing, meals, accommodation, transportation

月餅：moon cake

海鮮：seafood

年糕：rice cake

餃子：dumplings

面條：noodle

面粉：flour

粥：porridge

米飯（水稻）：rice

谷物（糧食）：grain

小麥：wheat

三明治：sandwich

漢堡：hamburger

湯：soup

菜：dish/cuisine（dish是一道菜，cuisine是菜肴、烹飪）

糖/鹽/醋/酒/油：sugar/salt/vinegar/wine/oil

色/香/味/行：color/aroma/taste/appearance

酸/甜/苦/辣/咸/淡：sour/sweet/bitter/spicy/salty/light

煮/炸/熏/烤：boil/fry/smoke/bake(roast, grill)

西瓜/葡萄：watermelon/grape

經(jīng)典模板句練習(xí)：

1. 黃山位于安徽省南部。它風(fēng)景獨(dú)特，尤以其日出和云海著稱。

Mount Huang is located in the south of Anhui province. With unique sceneries, it is particularly famous for the sunrise and the sea of clouds.

2. 年輕游客數(shù)量的不斷增加，可以歸因于他們迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。?

The number of young tourists/travelers/visitors is increasing, which can be attributed to the rapid growth of their income and the curiosity to explore the outside world.

3. 傳說中國古代哲學(xué)家墨子用了三年時(shí)間在濰坊制作了世界上首個(gè)風(fēng)箏，但放飛的第一天風(fēng)箏就墜落并摔壞了。

It is said that Motse, one of the philosophers in ancient China, spent three years in Weifang in making the first kite in the world, and that the kite fell and crashed on the first day when it flew in the sky.

4. 中國南方大多種植水稻，人們通常以大米為主食；而華北大部分地區(qū)因?yàn)檫^于寒冷或過于干燥，無法種植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麥。

Rice is mainly grown in southern China where people usually take rice as the staple food. However, because it is either too cold or too dry, it is impossible to grow rice in most of the northern regions of China, so the main crop there is wheat.

5. 麗江到處都是美麗的自然風(fēng)光，眾多的少數(shù)民族同胞提供了各式各樣、豐富多彩的文化讓游客體驗(yàn)。

There is beautiful natural scenery everywhere in Lijiang, and many ethnical minorities provide tourists with a great variety of cultural experiences.

6. 珠江是華南一大河系，流經(jīng)廣州市，是中國第三長的河流，僅次于長江和黃河。

The Pearl River, an extensive river system in southern China, flows through Guangzhou City. It is the China’s third longest river which is only after the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.

7. 長江流經(jīng)多種不同的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，是諸多瀕危物種的棲息地，灌溉了中國五分之一的土地。

Flowing through many different ecosystems, the Yangtze River is the habitat to a whole host of endangered species and irrigates one fifth of the land in China.

8. 中國園林是經(jīng)過三千多年演變而成的獨(dú)具一格的園林景觀。它既包括為皇室成員享樂而建造的大型花園，也包括學(xué)者、商人和卸任的政府官員為擺脫嘈雜的外部世界而建造的私家花園。這些花園構(gòu)成了一種意在表達(dá)人與自然之間應(yīng)有的和諧關(guān)系的微縮景觀。典型的中國園林四周有圍墻，園內(nèi)有池塘、假山（rockworks）、樹木、花草以及各種各樣由蜿蜒的小路和走廊連接的建筑。漫步在花園中，人們可以看到一系列精心設(shè)計(jì)的景觀猶如山水畫卷（scroll）一般展現(xiàn)在面前。

The Chinese garden has become a landscape of a unique style after an evolvement of more than 3000 years. It includes not only the large gardens built for royal members to enjoy themselves, but also the private gardens built for scholars, merchants and retired government workers to get rid of the noisy outside world. These gardens constitute a miniature designed to express the harmonious relationship between man and nature. A typical Chinese garden is surrounded by walls. In the garden, there are ponds, rockworks, trees, flowers and all kinds of buildings which are linked by winding trails and corridors. Wandering in the garden, people may feel that a series of well-designed scenery exhibit itself before us like a landscape scroll.

三.科學(xué)教育類

大一/大二/大三/大四：freshman/sophomore/junior/senior

學(xué)士/碩士/博士：bachelor/master/doctor

獲得學(xué)位：obtain/receive a degree

文憑/證書：diploma/certificate

學(xué)年：academic year

學(xué)期：term/semester

學(xué)習(xí)成績：academic record

學(xué)習(xí)表現(xiàn)：academic performance

學(xué)分：credit

畢業(yè)論文：thesis [本碩] dissertation [博士]

文科/理科：arts/science

本科生：undergraduate

大學(xué)畢業(yè)生：college/university graduates

研究生：postgraduate

博士生：Ph.D. candidate

幼兒園：kindergarten

小學(xué)：primary school/elementary school

中學(xué)：secondary school/high school

系/主修/輔修：department/major/minor

教學(xué)設(shè)施：teaching facility

食堂：dining hall/canteen

宿舍：dormitory

選修課：elective/optional course

學(xué)費(fèi)：tuition fee

教授/副教授/講師：professor/associate professor/lecturer

全體老師：faculty

終身教育：lifelong education

理論知識(shí)：theoretical knowledge

實(shí)踐知識(shí)：practical knowledge

信息時(shí)代：information age

逃課：skip class

學(xué)習(xí)氛圍：learning atmosphere

激發(fā)興趣：stimulate one’s interest

開發(fā)潛力：tap one’s potential

學(xué)生減負(fù)：reduce study load

做兼職：work part-time

自我訓(xùn)練：self-training

代溝：generation gap

學(xué)生會(huì)：students’ association

考研：take the Graduate School Admission Test

創(chuàng)業(yè)：start/build one’s own business

出國/出國留 ：go abroad/study abroad

就業(yè)：get/find a job

重點(diǎn)大學(xué)：key university

招生：recruit (v.)/recruitment (n.)

錄?。篹nroll (v.)/ enrollment (n.)

申請(qǐng)入學(xué)：apply for admission to/into …

高考：College Entrance Examination/

雇主/雇員：employer/employee

職業(yè)培訓(xùn)：job training

獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金：scholarship

專門人才：professional personnel

創(chuàng)新：innovation

經(jīng)典模板句練習(xí)：

1. 通過閱讀，人們能更好的學(xué)會(huì)感恩、有責(zé)任心和與人合作。

By/Through reading, people can better learn to be grateful, responsible and cooperative.

2. 美國網(wǎng)民更多的是受實(shí)際需要的驅(qū)使，用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為工具發(fā)電子郵件、買賣商品、做研究、規(guī)劃旅程或付款。

The American netizens are more likely to be driven by practical needs, using the Internet as a tool to send emails, buy and sell products, make researches, arrange trips or make payments.

3. 中國的創(chuàng)新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃發(fā)展。

China’s innovation is developing/flourishing at an unprecedented speed.

4. 中國父母往往過于關(guān)注孩子的學(xué)習(xí)。

Chinese parents usually pay too much attention to their children’ s study / the study of their children.

四.政治經(jīng)濟(jì)類

一千：one thousand

一萬：ten thousand

百萬：one million

十億：one billion

收益/成本/利潤/花費(fèi)：benefit/cost/profit/expense

優(yōu)等品/劣質(zhì)品：superior goods/inferior goods

風(fēng)險(xiǎn)/投資：risk/investment

商品：commodity

消費(fèi)：consumption (n.)/consume (v.)

折扣：discount

發(fā)達(dá)的/發(fā)展中/欠發(fā)達(dá)：developed/developing/underdeveloped

經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)：economic crisis

*經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退：economic recession

經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條：economic depression

經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇：economic recovery

可持續(xù)發(fā)展：sustainable development

私營企業(yè)：private enterprise

購買力：purchasing power

預(yù)算：budget

經(jīng)濟(jì)調(diào)節(jié)：economic regulation

出口/進(jìn)口：export/import

生產(chǎn)力：productivity

零售/批發(fā)：retail/wholesale

需求/供給：demand/supply

滿足需求：meet the need

實(shí)施/推行：implement/carry out

強(qiáng)調(diào)：emphasize

提倡：advocate

號(hào)召：call on

共同努力：joint effort

改善/增強(qiáng)/提高/推動(dòng)：improve/enhance/boost/promote

解決：tackle/deal with/solve/address

人力資源：human resources

就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)：job opportunity

國家安全：national security

核能：nuclear energy

版權(quán)：copyright

盜版：piracy

基因芯片：genetic chip

改革開放：reform and opening-up

技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓：technology transfer

航天技術(shù)：space technology

工程中心：engineering center

生物技術(shù)/生命科學(xué)：biotechnology/life science

納米技術(shù)：nano technology

網(wǎng)民：netizen

教育公平：education equality

教育器材：education equipment

沿海城市：coastal city

占…比例：account for … percent

消除貧困：eliminate/reduce/get rid of poverty

環(huán)境保護(hù)：environmental protection

污染預(yù)防：pollution prevention

污染控制：pollution control

治理環(huán)境污染：curb environmental pollution

基本政策：basic policies

城市的/城市化：urban/urbanization

農(nóng)村的：rural

瀕危野生動(dòng)物：endangered wildlife

補(bǔ)充詞匯：

必修課：required course

春節(jié)：the Spring Festival

除夕：Lunar New Year’s Eve

中秋節(jié)：Mid-autumn Festival

清明節(jié)：Tomb-sweeping Festival

元宵節(jié)：Lantern Festival

端午節(jié)：Dragon Boat Festival

年夜飯：family reunion dinner

煙花/爆竹：fireworks/firecracker

賞燈：view the lanterns

豆類：bean

經(jīng)典模板句練習(xí)：

1. 中國政府創(chuàng)建了深圳經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)，作為實(shí)施社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的試驗(yàn)田。

The Chinese government established the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as the experimental plot for implementation of socialist market economy.

2. 僅在11月11日，中國消費(fèi)者就從國內(nèi)最大的購物平臺(tái)購買了價(jià)值90億美元的商品。中國有不少這樣的特殊購物日。因此，快遞業(yè)（courier）在中國擴(kuò)展就不足為奇了。

Just on Nov. 11th, Chinese customers bought 9 billion dollars of goods from the biggest online shopping website. Since there are many such special shopping days in China, it is no wonder that courier services have expanded in China.

3. 為了促進(jìn)教育公平，中國已經(jīng)投入360億元，用于改善農(nóng)村地區(qū)教育設(shè)施和加強(qiáng)中西部地區(qū)農(nóng)村義務(wù)教育。

In order to promote the equality in education, China has invested 36 billion yuan to improve the education facilities in rural areas and enhance the rural compulsory education in the central and western regions.

4. 2011年3月日本人核電站事故后，中國的核能開發(fā)停了下來。中止審批新的核電站，并開展全國性的核電安全檢查。

After the Japanese nuclear power plant/station accident in March, 2011, the development of the China’s nuclear power stopped. The approval of new nuclear power plants was suspended, and the nationwide nuclear energy safety inspection started.

5. 早在使用機(jī)械和化肥之前，勤勞和富有創(chuàng)造性的中國農(nóng)民就已經(jīng)采用各種各樣的方法來增加農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量。

Long before the use of machinery and fertilizers, industrious and creative farmers had already used different kinds of methods to increase crop yields.

6. 第二份報(bào)告公布了一些應(yīng)用科學(xué)研究的熱門領(lǐng)域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。

The second report announces some heated areas in applied science, for instance, 3D printing and the study of artificial organs.

7. 年均10%的GDP增長已使五億多人脫貧。聯(lián)合國的“千年（millennium）發(fā)展目標(biāo)”在中國均已達(dá)到或即將達(dá)到。目前，中國的第十二個(gè)五年規(guī)劃強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)展服務(wù)業(yè)和解決環(huán)境及社會(huì)不平衡的問題。

An average annual GDP growth rate at 10% makes over 500 million people get rid of poverty. The Millennium Development Goals of the U.N. either have been achieved or will be achieved soon in China. Currently, the 12th Five-Year Plan of China emphasizes the development of service industry and the solutions to environment and the imbalance of society.

8. 這一新公布的計(jì)劃旨在減少四種主要污染源，包括500萬輛機(jī)動(dòng)車的尾氣（exhaust）排放、周邊地區(qū)燃煤、來自北方的沙塵暴和本地的建筑灰塵。

This newly announced plan aims to reduce four major pollution sources, including exhaust emissions from over 5 million vehicles, the burning of coals in the surrounding areas, the sandstorms and dust storms from the north areas and the local construction dusts.

9. 教育部還決定改善欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)學(xué)生的營養(yǎng)，并未外來務(wù)工人員的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等機(jī)會(huì)。

The Ministry of Education has also decided to improve the nutrition of students in underdeveloped areas and provide equal opportunity for the children of migrant workers to receive education in cities.

10. 中國政府一直提倡“以人為本”的發(fā)展理念，強(qiáng)調(diào)人們以公交而不是私家車出行。它還號(hào)召建設(shè)“資源節(jié)約和環(huán)境友好型”社會(huì)。有了這個(gè)明確的目標(biāo)，中國城市就可以更好地規(guī)劃其發(fā)展，并把大量投資轉(zhuǎn)向安全、清潔和經(jīng)濟(jì)型交通系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展上。

The Chinese government invariably advocates the idea for development: “people are the most important element” and emphasizes that one should take public transportation rather than drive private cars. It also calls for the construction of a “resource-saving and environment-friendly” society.

11. 在未來幾年，中國將著力增加職業(yè)學(xué)院的招生人數(shù)：除了關(guān)注高等教育外，還將尋找新的突破以確保教育制度更加公平。

In the next few years, China will increase the number of people in vocational college. Except focusing on the higher education, the government will find a breakthrough point to ensure the justice of education.

12. 如果父母決定為孩子報(bào)名參加一個(gè)課外班，以增加其被重點(diǎn)學(xué)校錄取的機(jī)會(huì)，他們會(huì)堅(jiān)持自己的決定，即使孩子根本不感興趣。

Once the parents decide to sign up an afterschool class for their children in order to increase their chance of being admitted to a good school, they will stick to their decision, even though their children have no interest in it at all.

13. 中國的大學(xué)和研究所正在積極開展創(chuàng)新研究，這些研究覆蓋了從大數(shù)據(jù)到生物化學(xué)，從新能源到機(jī)器人等各類高科技領(lǐng)域。

Chinese universities and institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots.
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當(dāng)然，想要更好通關(guān)，只記必考詞是不夠的，更重要的是摸透考點(diǎn)，深諳應(yīng)試技巧。

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