沖刺四級高分：仔細(xì)閱讀解題技巧（二）
仔細(xì)閱讀的10大命題處
1. 轉(zhuǎn)折對比處
轉(zhuǎn)折句或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系常常是文章內(nèi)容的強(qiáng)調(diào)之處，是作者表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)或陳述事物的關(guān)鍵地方。
一般而言，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容是語義的重點(diǎn)，它往往是作者的真實(shí)意圖所在，所以命題者常對轉(zhuǎn)折處的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問。
考生應(yīng)特別注意此處內(nèi)容。轉(zhuǎn)折一般通過however, but, yet, in fact等詞或短語來引出。
強(qiáng)對比也是作者用來強(qiáng)調(diào)論證自己觀點(diǎn)的一種方法，常由unlike, until, not so much…as等詞或短語引出。
命題者常就被對比者的屬性設(shè)題。
例(四級真題）
…likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems.
Q: It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” refers to ______.
A) the consequence of a broken marriage
B) the emotional problems arising from marriage
C) the responsibility of taking care of one’s family
D) the disadvantages of being married
文章第二段首先介紹了婚姻的好處，可以幫助彌補(bǔ)身體不健康所產(chǎn)生的不利影響。
第四句中使用了表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的連詞however，因此推斷下文將會談?wù)摶橐霎a(chǎn)生的不利影響。
所以此處的flip side是指“婚姻導(dǎo)致的弊端”，故答案為D）。
2. 舉例處
作者在文章中經(jīng)常引用具體的例子來使文章更有說服力，而這些例子很可能會成為考點(diǎn)，需加以注意。
文章中常用as, such as, for example, for instance, take…as an example等引出的短語或句子作為例證。
例 (四級真題）
But privacy does matter—at least sometimes. It’s like health; when you have it, you don’t notice it. Only when it’s gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.
Q: According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ______.
A) people will make every effort to keep it
B) its importance is rarely understood
C) it is something that can easily be lost
D) people don’t cherish it until they lose it
作者把隱私同健康進(jìn)行比較，當(dāng)人們擁有健康時，不曾注意到它，一旦失去才知其珍貴。
D）中的cherish it與原文中的wish you’d done more to protect it意思一致。
3. 數(shù)字年代處
數(shù)字年代在文章中常常會傳達(dá)重要的信息，因此也經(jīng)常成為考查的重點(diǎn)，
需要說明的是四級考試與其他考試不同，一般很少就數(shù)字本身的運(yùn)算、辨認(rèn)或推理設(shè)題，
而往往就數(shù)字引出的信息命題。因此，考生在看到數(shù)字時還要注意其前后所印證或引出的具體信息。
例(四級真題）
We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
Q: Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of ______.
A) economic growth
B) wasteful use of energy
C) the widening gap between the rich and poor
D) the rapid advances of science and technology
文中提到截至2050年，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，能源利用及溫室氣體排放會加倍增長，
A)中的“經(jīng)濟(jì)增長”與原文中的modest growth所指一致，符合題意。
4. 因果關(guān)系處
兩個事件內(nèi)在的因果關(guān)系常常成為出題人的命題點(diǎn)，一
般來講，這種選擇題有兩種形式,給出原因推斷結(jié)果，或給出結(jié)果推斷原因。
例(四級真題）
In the past few years, prominent schools around the world have joined the trend. In 2003, when Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard, another former Yale provost, as its vice-chancellor, the university publicly stressed that in her previous job she had overseen “a major strengthening of Yale’s financial position.”
Q: Cambridge University appointed Alison Richard as its vice-chancellor chiefly because ______.
A) she was known to be good at raising money
B) she could help strengthen its ties with Yale
C) she knew how to attract students overseas
D) she had boosted Yale’s academic status
劍橋大學(xué)公開強(qiáng)調(diào)Alison Richard在以前的工作中負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督財務(wù)，“是耶魯大學(xué)財政狀況提升的主要力量”，
基于這個才能，劍橋大學(xué)聘請她擔(dān)任常務(wù)副校長一職。A)she was known to be good at raising money表達(dá)的與此句相同，故為答案。
5. 主題句處
文章第一段的段首、段尾或最后一段的段尾處往往是整篇文章的主題所在；
每一段的段首或段尾句通常是該段的主題句，因此命題者常常圍繞此處出題。
在四級考試中，文章或段落的主旨常以主題句的形式出現(xiàn)。
主題句的特點(diǎn)是：語義完整、形式簡潔、觀點(diǎn)明確。
在演繹類的文章中，語篇主題句一般位于篇章的開頭部分；
在歸納類文章中，主題句多出現(xiàn)在段末或篇末；
不過主題句有時也出現(xiàn)在文章中間部分。
找到了主題句，就等于找到了此類題的答案。
例 (四級真題）
“The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what’s going on with their finances, but they don’t. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than talking about death. But you both need to know what you’re doing, who’s paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don’t have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it.”
Q: The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should ______.
A) discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship
B) put their money together instead of keeping it separately
C) make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgets
D) avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic
文章最后一句提到，要想維持一段健康的婚姻關(guān)系，雙方的金錢觀不一定要一致，但一定要彼此溝通。A） “夫妻雙方應(yīng)該討論錢的問題以維持健康的婚姻關(guān)系”是對原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故為答案。
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另外五大命題處請見下篇。持續(xù)更新，敬請期待~
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