三、作文小技巧
作文的技巧比較多,也是提高相對比較快的一個部分,也是要重點介紹的部分。

1. 寫作的四大原則

a) 長短句原則

寫作講究一張一弛,老讓讀者讀長句,會很累人。寫一個短小精辟的句子,相反,卻可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主題:
As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.
強烈建議:在文章第一段用一長一短,且先長后短;在文章主體部分,要先用一個短句解釋主要意思,然后在闡述幾個要點的時候采用先短后長的句群形式,定會讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結(jié)尾一般用一長一短就可以了。

b) 主題句原則

國有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否則會給人造成“群龍無首”之感!建議各同學(xué)一定要寫一個主題句,放在文章的開頭或者結(jié)尾,讓讀者一目了然,必會引起閱卷老師的好感!
To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主題句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

c) 一、二、三原則

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點、第二點、第三點、第二部分、第一點… 所以看起來條理清楚??脊賯兛次恼乱脖厝灰ㄟ^這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,條理自然。下面任何一組的詞匯都可以用到作文中,最好多記錄幾個,可以變化著使用。
1)first, second, third, last
2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally
3)the first, the second, the third, the last
4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly
5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(推薦)
6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(推薦)
7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(推薦)
8)most important of all, moreover, finally
9)on the one hand, on the other hand(適用于兩點的情況)
10)for one thing, for another thing(適用于兩點的情況)

d) 多變句式原則

1)加法(串聯(lián))
很多同學(xué)都希望寫下很長的句子,可就是怕寫錯,怎么辦,最保險的寫長句的方法就是這些,可以在任何句子之間加and,但最好是前后的句子又先后關(guān)系或者并列關(guān)系。比如說:
I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar.
如果是二者并列的,我們可以用一個超級句式:
Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.
其它的短語可以用:
besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2)轉(zhuǎn)折(拐彎抹角)
批評某人缺點的時候,我們總習(xí)慣先拐彎抹角說說他的優(yōu)點,然后轉(zhuǎn)入正題,再說缺點,比較容易讓人接受。所以呢,我們寫作的時候,只要在要點之前先寫一些鋪墊,注意二者之間用個轉(zhuǎn)折次就夠了。
The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.
The coat was thin, but it was warm.
更多的短語:
despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding

3)因果(so)
寫作的時候我們總要追求先后順序,先什么,后什么,所以然后這個詞就變得很常見了。如:
The snow began to fall, so we went home.
更多短語:
then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4)排比(排山倒海句)
文學(xué)作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此,如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話,那么我希望你引用一個個的排比句,一個個得對偶句,一個個的不定式,一個個地詞,一個個的短語,如此表達將會使文章有排山倒海之勢!如:
Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.
Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides.
We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (氣勢恢宏)

2.文章主體段落三大殺手锏:

a)舉實例
思維短路,舉實例!提出一個觀點,舉實例!提出一個方案,舉實例!而且者也是我們揭示一個觀點最好的方式,在覺得沒什么好說的情況下,最好的辦法就是舉例子。
In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible simulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colors, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food.
更多句型:
To take … as an example, One example is…, Another example is…, for example

b)做比較
方法:寫完一個要點,比較與之相似的;又寫完一個要點,再比較與之相反的;通過比較,會發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的相同點(through comparison)和不同點(through contrast)。下面是一些短語:
相似的比較:
in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner
相反的比較:
on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …, …

c)換言之
如果寫到一半感覺沒話說了,可以換一句話再說,讓你的文章在多一些字,或者文鄒鄒地說,是讓讀者更充分的理解你的觀點。
比如下面的句子實際上就三個字 I love you!
I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you.
I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you.
或者上面我們舉過的例子:
I cannot bear it.
可以用短語表達:I cannot put up with it.
因此可以這樣說:I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.

最后想要提醒各位同學(xué)的是,以上技巧只適合在實在做不出題目或者輔助解題時用,萬萬不可依賴于這些技巧,英語的學(xué)習(xí)是能力慢慢積累的過程,需要平時的刻苦練習(xí)。希望同學(xué)在考完試以后也不要放棄對英語的學(xué)習(xí),考試并不是我們學(xué)習(xí)英語的最終目的,把英語這個交流工具熟練正確地使用才是我們學(xué)習(xí)的目標(biāo)。

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