10.2 With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作獨(dú)立主格
?
  表伴隨時(shí),既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
  with +名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ)
舉例: He stood there, his hand raised.
  = He stood there, with his hand raise.

典型例題
  The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied  B. having tied  C. to be tied  D. tied  
  答案D. with +名詞(代詞)+分詞+介詞短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時(shí),其主語(yǔ)常常用with來(lái)引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,因此用過(guò)去分詞,選D.  

注意:

1) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)使用介詞的問(wèn)題:
  當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí),其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何成分(如物主代詞或冠詞),也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制
  A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. 
  ( hand前不能加his)?!    ?

2) 當(dāng)表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí),及物動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分 詞,不及物動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去分詞。
  He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
 
典型例題:
 Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
 A permitted  B permitting  C permits  D for permitting
  答案B. 本題中沒(méi)有連詞,它不是復(fù)合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗號(hào),且we 小寫(xiě),可知其不是兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨(dú)立主格或with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。據(jù)此判斷,本句中使用的是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu), 其結(jié)構(gòu)為:名詞+分詞。 由于permit在這里翻譯為'天氣允許',表主動(dòng),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,故選B。
  如果不會(huì)判斷獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)的形式,不妨將句子改為條件句,例如本句改為If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后將if 去掉,再將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞即可。