3.10 疑問代詞
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 1) 疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來構(gòu)成疑問句。疑問代詞有下列幾個:
  指 人: who, whom, whose
  指 物: what
  既可指人又可指物: which

 2) 疑問代詞在句中應位于謂語動詞之前,沒有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。試比較:

 疑問代詞:Whose are these books on the desk? 
       桌上的書是誰的?
      What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?
       美國的領(lǐng)土擴張是朝哪個方向的?
 限定詞: Whose books are these on the desk?
       桌上的書是誰的?
      What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?  哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國?

 說明1:
   無論是做疑問代詞還是限定詞,which 和 what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi),例如:
  Which girls do you like best?
   你喜歡哪幾個姑娘?
  What girls do you like best?
   你喜歡什么樣的姑娘?

 說明2:
   Whom是who的賓格,在書面語中,它作動詞賓語或介詞賓語,在口語中作賓語時,可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom, 例如:
  Who(m) did you meet on the street?
    你在街上遇到了誰?(作動詞賓語)
  Who(m) are you taking the book to?
    你要把這書帶給誰?(作介詞賓語,置句首)
  To whom did you speak on the campus?
    你在校園里和誰講話了?(作介詞賓語,置介詞 后,不能用who取代。)

 說明3:
   疑問代詞用于對介詞賓語提問時,過去的文體中介詞和疑問代詞通常一起放在句首,現(xiàn)代英語中,疑問代詞在句首,介詞在句未,例如:
 For what do most people live and work?
    大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(舊文體)
 What are you looking for?
    你在找什么?(現(xiàn)代英語)

 說明4:
   疑問代詞還可引導名詞性從句,例如:
 I can't make out what he is driving at.
  我不知道他用意何在。
 Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 
  你能告訴我床上的藍襯衣是誰的嗎?
 Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
  你說的我大部分同意,但并不完全贊同。