將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。將來(lái)完成時(shí)由shall/will have加過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。
1.1 將來(lái)完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成
肯定句:主語(yǔ) + shall/will have + 過(guò)去分詞...
否定句:主語(yǔ) + shall/will + not + have + 過(guò)去分詞...
疑問(wèn)句:Shall/Will + 主語(yǔ) + have + 過(guò)去分詞...?
疑問(wèn)代詞/疑問(wèn)副詞 + shall/will + 主語(yǔ) + have + 過(guò)去分詞...?
1.2 將來(lái)完成時(shí)的肯定句
句型:主語(yǔ) + shall/will have + 過(guò)去分詞...
將來(lái)完成時(shí)的肯定句由“助動(dòng)詞shall/will have + 過(guò)去分詞...”構(gòu)成:
I shall have done it by next week.我將于下周前做完它。
I shall have completed my report by Friday.到星期五我就會(huì)完成我的報(bào)告。
The snow will have disappeared before the end of February.積雪將于2月底之前融化。
1.3 將來(lái)完成時(shí)的否定句
句型:主語(yǔ) + shall/will + not + have + 過(guò)去分詞...
將來(lái)完成時(shí)的否定句是在助動(dòng)詞shall/will后加not,之后是“have + 過(guò)去分詞”:
We have worked together for several years. She won't have forgot-ten me.我們?cè)谝黄鸸ぷ髁藥啄?,她大概不?huì)不記得我。
1.4 將來(lái)完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句
句型: Shall/Will + 主語(yǔ) + have + 過(guò)去分詞...?
回答方式:Yes,主語(yǔ) + shall/will.
No,主語(yǔ) + shall/will + not.
將來(lái)完成時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句是將助動(dòng)詞shall/will置于主語(yǔ)之前(大寫(xiě)shall/will的第一個(gè)字母),在句尾加問(wèn)號(hào);這種語(yǔ)序是倒裝語(yǔ)序:
Will you have done it all by 10:30pm? —No,I won't have done it by then.你能在晚10點(diǎn)半之前把它全部做完嗎? ——不,我那時(shí)還做不完。
Will you have finished reading the book by Friday? —Yes,I'll have finished reading the book by Tuesday.你會(huì)在星期五之前看完這本書(shū)嗎? ——是,我最遲在星期二就看完這本書(shū)了。
1.5 將來(lái)完成時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句
句型:疑問(wèn)代詞/疑問(wèn)副詞 + shall/will + 主語(yǔ) + have + 過(guò)去分詞...?
將來(lái)完成時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句是將疑問(wèn)代詞/疑問(wèn)副詞置于助動(dòng)詞shall/will之前(shall/will的第一個(gè)字母無(wú)需大寫(xiě)),和一般疑問(wèn)句差不多;這種語(yǔ)序是倒裝語(yǔ)序。就主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí),將疑問(wèn)代詞或帶有疑問(wèn)限定詞的名詞詞組置于助動(dòng)詞shall/will之前,在句尾加問(wèn)號(hào);這種語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序:
How many words shall we have learned by the end of the term? 到本學(xué)期末我們可能學(xué)了多少詞匯?
1.6 將來(lái)完成時(shí)的用法
1.表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻前業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作
一般都要用一個(gè)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),如由by(截至),before(在……以前)引導(dǎo)的介詞詞組或由when(在……時(shí)候),before(在……以前)等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句:
I will have finished the job by that time.到那時(shí)我可以完成這項(xiàng)工作了。
I will have retired by the year2020.到2020年我將已退休。(含義是:在2020年或這之前,我退休已成為過(guò)去的事。)
2.表示將來(lái)某一階段內(nèi)持續(xù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
He will have reorganized the company in about half a year.他將用半年左右的時(shí)間重組這個(gè)公司。
We will have been married25years on June26th.到6月26日我們倆結(jié)婚就滿(mǎn)25年了。
3.與將來(lái)完成時(shí)連用的動(dòng)詞
將來(lái)完成時(shí)常與表示完成意義的動(dòng)詞如build(建立),complete(完成),finish(結(jié)束)等連用。在believe(相信),expect(期待),hope(希望),suppose(料想)等動(dòng)作之后,也常用將來(lái)完成時(shí):
I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow.我預(yù)料到明天你就會(huì)改變主意了。
Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year.工人們將于今年年底前把新路鋪好。