【讀書(shū)筆記】《沉思錄》卷八01
?
?本書(shū)簡(jiǎn)介：
《沉思錄》是古羅馬皇帝奧勒留寫(xiě)給自己的書(shū)，內(nèi)容大部分是他在鞍馬勞頓中寫(xiě)成的。作品來(lái)自?shī)W勒留對(duì)身羈宮廷的自己和自己所處混亂世界的感受，追求一種冷靜而達(dá)觀的生活。這部著作是斯多葛學(xué)派的一個(gè)里程碑，亦是溫總理放在枕邊，讀了不下百遍的書(shū)。
本書(shū)原文由古希臘文而作，英文版選擇比較權(quán)威的George Long的版本，中文版選擇何懷宏的版本作參考。筆記中的英文釋義摘自《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》
?作者簡(jiǎn)介：
馬可?奧勒留（Marcus Aurelius，公元121—180年），著名的“帝王哲學(xué)家”，古羅馬帝國(guó)皇帝，在希臘文學(xué)和拉丁文學(xué)、修辭、哲學(xué)、法律、繪畫(huà)方面受過(guò)很好的教育，晚期斯多葛學(xué)派代表人物之一。奧勒留也許是西方歷史上唯一的一位哲學(xué)家皇帝。他是一個(gè)比他的帝國(guó)更加完美的人，他的勤奮工作最終并沒(méi)有能夠挽救古羅馬，但是他的《沉思錄》卻成為西方歷史上的偉大名著。
卷八01
8.1?THIS reflection also tends to the removal of the desire of empty fame, that it is no longer in thy power to have lived the whole of thy life, or at least thy life from thy youth upwards, like a philosopher; but both to many others and to thyself it is plain that thou art far from philosophy. Thou hast fallen into disorder then, so that it is no longer easy for thee to get the reputation of a philosopher; and thy plan of life also opposes it. If then thou hast truly seen where the matter lies, throw away the thought, How thou shalt seem to others, and be content if thou shalt live the rest of thy life in such wise as thy nature wills. Observe then what it wills, and let nothing else distract thee; for thou hast had experience of many wanderings without having found happiness anywhere, not in syllogisms, nor in wealth, nor in reputation, nor in enjoyment, nor anywhere. Where is it then? In doing what man's nature requires. How then shall a man do this? If he has principles from which come his affects and his acts. What principles? Those which relate to good and bad: the belief that there is nothing good for man, which does not make him just, temperate, manly, free; and that there is nothing bad, which does not do the contrary to what has been mentioned.
8.2?This is the chief thing: Be not perturbed, for all things are according to the nature of the universal; and in a little time thou wilt be nobody and nowhere, like Hadrian and Augustus. In the next place having fixed thy eyes steadily on thy business look at it, and at the same time remembering that it is thy duty to be a good man, and what man's nature demands, do that without turning aside; and speak as it seems to thee most just, only let it be with a good disposition and with modesty and without hypocrisy.
?Notes：
hypocrisy [n] behaviour in which somebody pretends to have moral standards or opinions that they do not actually have.
8.3?The nature of the universal has this work to do, to remove to that place the things which are in this, to change them, to take them away hence, and to carry them there. All things are change, yet we need not fear anything new. All things are familiar to us; but the distribution of them still remains the same.
?先嘗試自己翻譯一下吧，參考譯文見(jiàn)下：
中文翻譯：
8.1?這一反思也有助于消除對(duì)于虛名的欲望，即像一個(gè)哲學(xué)家一樣度過(guò)你的整個(gè)一生，或至少度過(guò)你從青年以后的生活，這已不再在你的力量范圍之內(nèi)了；你和許多別的人都很明白你是遠(yuǎn)離哲學(xué)的。然后你落入了紛亂無(wú)序，以致你得到一個(gè)哲學(xué)家的名聲不再是容易的了，你的生活計(jì)劃也不符合它。那么如果你真正看清了問(wèn)題的所在，就驅(qū)開(kāi)這一想法吧。你管別人是怎樣看你呢，只要你將以你的本性所欲的這種方式度過(guò)你的余生你就是滿足的。那么注意你的本性意欲什么，不要讓任何別的東西使你分心，因?yàn)槟阌羞^(guò)許多流浪的經(jīng)驗(yàn)卻在哪兒都沒(méi)有找到幸福：在三段法中沒(méi)有，在財(cái)富中沒(méi)有，在名聲中沒(méi)有，在享樂(lè)中沒(méi)有，在任何地方都沒(méi)有找到幸福。那么幸福在哪里？就在于做人的本性所要求的事情。那么一個(gè)人將怎樣做它呢？如果他擁有作為他的愛(ài)好和行為之來(lái)源的原則。什么原則呢？那些有關(guān)善惡的原則：即深信沒(méi)有什么東西于人是好的－如果它不使人公正、節(jié)制、勇敢和自由；沒(méi)有什么東西對(duì)人是壞的－如果它不使人沾染與前述品質(zhì)相反的品質(zhì)。
8.2?主要的事情在于：不要被打擾，因?yàn)樗械氖挛锒际呛虾跤钪姹拘缘?，很快你就將化為烏有，再也無(wú)處可尋，就像赫德里安、奧古斯都那樣。其次要聚精會(huì)神地注意你的事情，同時(shí)記住做一個(gè)好人是你的義務(wù)，無(wú)論人的本性要求什么，做所要求的事而不要擱置；說(shuō)你看來(lái)是最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑?，只是要以一種好的氣質(zhì)、以謙虛和毫不虛偽的態(tài)度說(shuō)出來(lái)。
8.3?宇宙的本性有這一工作要做，即把這個(gè)地方的事物移到那個(gè)地方，改變它們，把它們從此帶到彼處。所有事物都是變化的，但我們沒(méi)有必要害怕任何新的東西。所有的事物都是我們熟悉的，而對(duì)這些事物的分配也保持著同樣。