【讀書筆記】《沉思錄》卷四:任何行為都不要無目的的做出12
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?本書簡介:
《沉思錄》是古羅馬皇帝奧勒留寫給自己的書,內(nèi)容大部分是他在鞍馬勞頓中寫成的。作品來自奧勒留對身羈宮廷的自己和自己所處混亂世界的感受,追求一種冷靜而達觀的生活。這部著作是斯多葛學(xué)派的一個里程碑,亦是溫總理放在枕邊,讀了不下百遍的書。
本書原文由古希臘文而作,英文版選擇比較權(quán)威的George Long的版本,中文版選擇何懷宏的版本作參考。筆記中的英文釋義摘自《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》
?作者簡介:
馬可?奧勒留(Marcus Aurelius,公元121—180年),著名的“帝王哲學(xué)家”,古羅馬帝國皇帝,在希臘文學(xué)和拉丁文學(xué)、修辭、哲學(xué)、法律、繪畫方面受過很好的教育,晚期斯多葛學(xué)派代表人物之一。奧勒留也許是西方歷史上唯一的一位哲學(xué)家皇帝。他是一個比他的帝國更加完美的人,他的勤奮工作最終并沒有能夠挽救古羅馬,但是他的《沉思錄》卻成為西方歷史上的偉大名著。
卷四:任何行為都不要無目的的做出12
?小編語:那許多事情,歸根結(jié)底都是出于對死亡的恐懼罷了。
4.26?If any god told thee that thou shalt die to-morrow, or certainly on the day after to-morrow, thou wouldst not care much whether it was on the third day or on the morrow, unless thou wast in the highest degree mean-spirited- for how small is the difference?- So think it no great thing to die after as many years as thou canst name rather than to-morrow.
4.26?Think continually how many physicians are dead after often contracting their eyebrows over the sick; and how many astrologers after predicting with great pretensions the deaths of others; and how many philosophers after endless discourses on death or immortality; how many heroes after killing thousands; and how many tyrants who have used their power over men's lives with terrible insolence as if they were immortal; and how many cities are entirely dead, so to speak, Helice and Pompeii and Herculaneum, and others innumerable. Add to the reckoning all whom thou hast known, one after another. One man after burying another has been laid out dead, and another buries him: and all this in a short time. To conclude, always observe how ephemeral and worthless human things are, and what was yesterday a little mucus to-morrow will be a mummy or ashes. Pass then through this little space of time conformably to nature, and end thy journey in content, just as an olive falls off when it is ripe, blessing nature who produced it, and thanking the tree on which it grew.
?Notes:
這段話說得多么堅定有力!
ephemeral [adj]?lasting or used for only a short period of time.
?先嘗試自己翻譯一下吧,參考譯文見下:
中文翻譯:
4.26?如果有神告訴你,你將明天死去,或肯定在后天死去,你將不會太關(guān)心是否是明天還是后天,除非你確實是精神極其貧乏,因為這差別是多么微小??!所以,不要把按你能提出的許多年時間后死去而非明天死去看成什么大事。
4.27?不斷地想這些事:有多少醫(yī)生在頻繁地對病人皺攏眉頭之后死去;有多少占星家在提前很久預(yù)告了別人的死亡之后也已死去;又有多少哲學(xué)家在不斷地討論死亡或不朽之后死去;多少英雄在殺了成千上萬人之后死去;多少暴君,仿佛他們是不死的一樣,在以可怕的蠻橫手段使用他們對于人們生命的權(quán)力之后死去;又有多少城市,比如赫利斯、龐培、赫庫萊尼恩以及別的不可計數(shù)的城市被完全毀滅。再把你知道的所有人一個接一個地加在這上面,一個人在埋葬了別人之后死了,另一個人又埋葬了他:所有這些都是發(fā)生在一段不長的時間里??傊?,要始終注意屬人的事物是多么短暫易逝和沒有價值,昨天是一點點黏液的東西,明天就將成為木乃伊或灰塵。那么就請自然地通過這一小段時間,滿意地結(jié)束你的旅行,就像一棵橄欖成熟時掉落一樣,感激產(chǎn)生它的自然,謝謝它生于其上的樹木。