科學60秒:救一個還是救五個?
來源:滬江聽寫酷
2011-12-24 10:00
Would you kill a person to save five others? Philosophers have posed this moral dilemma for decades. Typically they present the situation as a mental exercise. A runaway train is about to strike five people walking along the track. And you can reroute the train and save the five people. But you will wind up killing one person walking on the other track. Recently, researchers tried to make the dilemma feel much more real. They placed 147 subjects in a 3-D virtual environment where they are in front of a railroad switch controlling two tracks. They watch five people hike along a track bordered by a ravine. A single person hikes along the other track. Suddenly a train comes barreling down toward the five people. The subject has the option to reroute the train using a joystick. Ninety percent of the study subjects switched tracks, killing the lone hiker to save five. These findings match past studies that were only abstract thought experiments. This study is in the journal Emotion. It appears that even in very realistic, action oriented situations, people will go through with a Sophie's Choice, motivated by accomplishing the apparently greater good.
你愿意犧牲一個人來救五個人嗎? 哲學家們提出這樣的一個道德兩難已經很多年了。實際上他們將這樣的情況作為一種智力練習。一輛失控的火車就要撞上沿著鐵軌走路的5個人。你可以改變火車的行程來救這五個人。但是這樣的結果是你會犧牲在另一條軌道上行走的一個人。 目前,研究人員試圖將這個困境更加真實。他們將147個實驗者放入一個虛擬3D 環(huán)境中,正好是在一個控制兩條軌道的樞紐上。他們看著5個人順著峽谷邊緣的軌道行走。另外一個人沿著另一條軌道行走。突然一輛火車朝著五人開去。實驗者可以通過操縱桿選擇改變火車的路線。 90%的實驗者轉換了軌道,犧牲了那一個單獨的行走者來救另外五個。這些發(fā)現和之前的抽象的思想實驗研究相符。這項研究出現在情感雜志中。 這表明即使在很真實的、行為導向的情況下,人們受到明顯更優(yōu)選擇的驅使下還是完成這樣的兩難的選擇?!維ophie’s Choice 兩難的選擇】