一、英譯漢部分:

本次三級(jí)筆譯英譯漢部分試題與往年情況相仿,題材為人文話題,涉及英美國家語言文化。全文沒有特別的繁難長句,四級(jí)程度核心詞只有十三四個(gè),六級(jí)級(jí)以上難度詞匯只有recipient, flop, tricky, flowery, glean, gist六個(gè)。此外還有Anglophone、Globish兩個(gè)偏詞,總統(tǒng)難度中等偏低。

It was just one word in one email, but it triggered huge financial losses for a multinational company.

開篇首句很像一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句(It was... that...),但又非典型的強(qiáng)調(diào)句式,會(huì)給考生帶來一點(diǎn)小小的別扭。One word in one email也可能造成誤解,譯為一封郵件里就有一個(gè)單詞,實(shí)際該理解為一封郵件里的一個(gè)小小單詞。Trigger義為引發(fā)、觸發(fā)Multinational跨國的,多國的

本節(jié)參考譯文:

恰恰就是郵件里的一個(gè)小小單詞,卻導(dǎo)致一家跨國公司蒙受了巨額經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one.

本小節(jié)開始承接上文講述事情的原委。其中,written in English是分詞作狀語修飾主語“the message”,后面又用whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾colleague,“for”修飾“whom”,表示對(duì)他而言(英語是第二語言)Unsure of...為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)(省略being)做原因狀語。Recipient收信/件人。act on……行事。最后一句話比較孤立,但翻譯時(shí)需要注意添加語句間的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語。

本節(jié)參考譯文:

郵件信息是一名以英語為母語的員工發(fā)給一位英語為第二語言的同事的。由于不確定一個(gè)詞的意思,這位同事查了詞典,發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)詞存在兩個(gè)相互矛盾的意思,結(jié)果他卻偏偏選中了錯(cuò)的那個(gè)。

Months later, senior management investigated why the project had flopped, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. “It all traced back to this one word,” says Chia Suan Chong, a UK-based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didn't reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable. “Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.”

flop意為失敗,后面(costing...)是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。

It...一句的謂語trace back to 意思是追隨到……”,此處指歸結(jié)于……”。

a UK-based...在句中做同位語,后面有who引導(dǎo)的定語從句進(jìn)行修飾,because引導(dǎo)原因從句。此句結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)復(fù)雜,在翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)重新整合語義,調(diào)整語序,合理斷句,采用分譯的方法。比如,who引導(dǎo)的定語部分屬于次要信息,可以置于句后,起補(bǔ)充信息的作用即可,尤其不能譯為“…………”這類定語。

tricky 表示棘手的”,identifiable表示可辨認(rèn)的”, spiral螺旋形運(yùn)動(dòng)” spiralled out of control“……發(fā)展得失控了

參考譯文:

項(xiàng)目失敗了,導(dǎo)致了數(shù)十萬美元損失。數(shù)月后,公司管理層著手調(diào)查原因。身在英國的跨文化溝通技能培訓(xùn)師蔡孫重(Chia Suan Chong)表示:最后,一切都是由這個(gè)詞引起的。雙方的理解南轅北轍,于是一切都亂了套。但她沒有透露這個(gè)引起麻煩的單詞具體是什么,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)詞高度行業(yè)化,一旦透露,很有可能暴露企業(yè)信息。

When such misunderstandings happen, it’s usually the native speakers who are to blame. Ironically, they are worse at delivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to Chong.

It’s...who為強(qiáng)調(diào)句;be to blame是主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,譯為“……應(yīng)受到責(zé)備。Theynative speakers,deliver message譯為傳達(dá)信息。本句用than連接,是個(gè)比較句,說明英語為母語的人反倒不如英語作為二語甚至三語者更擅長表達(dá)信息。

參考譯文

蔡孫重說,類似的誤解,通常是英語母語者的過錯(cuò)。更為諷刺的是,與將英語作為第二或第三語言的人相比,英語母語者反而更不擅長傳達(dá)信息。

A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the world’s global language. They feel they don’t have to spend time learning another language,” says Chong.

本小節(jié)相對(duì)簡單。最后的says Chong按照漢語習(xí)慣,置于前面較好。

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參考譯文:

蔡孫重表示:很多英語母語者很高興英語成為全球語言,覺得不必再花時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)其他語言了。

The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Anglophones, on the other hand, often talk too fast for others to follow, and use jokes, slang and references specific to their own culture, says Chong.

It turns out為插入語,可以不必譯出。

says Chong也要前置翻譯,與上一句話相關(guān)聯(lián),譯文“……還說”。

Typical of...表示(……是……的典型特征,在本句起非限制性定語的作用,相當(dāng)于,which is typical of...)。

Too fast for others to為典型的“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“太……以至于不能……”;

references原義為“參考、涉及、介紹信、引用”等多種含義,在本句中沒有對(duì)應(yīng)的意思,需要靈活處理。

參考譯文:

蔡孫重還說,非母語者講英語時(shí)更具有目的性,也更為小心謹(jǐn)慎,其他以英語為第二或第三語言的人也都這樣。反之,英語為母語者往往語速過快,叫人跟不上,愛講只有歐美文化背景的人才聽得懂的笑話、俚語和典故。

“The native English speaker… is the only one who might not feel the need to accommodate or adapt to the others,” she adds.

accommodate有“容納,調(diào)解,使適應(yīng)”的意思,與其后的adapt to意思接近,翻譯時(shí)取其一即可。

she adds要譯為“她補(bǔ)充道”

參考譯文:

只有英語為母語者才意識(shí)不到進(jìn)行自我調(diào)整,關(guān)照他人的必要性,蔡孫重補(bǔ)充道。

With non-native English speakers in the majority worldwide, it’s Anglophones who may need to up their game.

With在本句中引導(dǎo)原因狀語,可譯為“由于、鑒于”等。

up their game字面意思為“升級(jí)他們的游戲”,但這個(gè)表達(dá)并不能清楚的呈現(xiàn)意義,因此要采用“意譯”的方法進(jìn)行信息補(bǔ)充,而不能“直譯”。

參考譯文:

鑒于世界上大部分人口并非以英語為母語,英語母語者還是很有必要加強(qiáng)自身的溝通交流能力。

“Native speakers are at a disadvantage when you are in a lingua franca situation,” where English is being used as a common denominator, says Jennifer Jenkins, professor of global Englishes at the UK’s University of Southampton. “It’s the native English speakers that are having difficulty understanding and making themselves understood.”

at a disadvantage表示“處于不利地位、沒有優(yōu)勢(shì)”;

lingua franca為語言學(xué)學(xué)科術(shù)語,譯為“通用語”,對(duì)于非英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生具有一定難度,但可以用詞典查詢或借助構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)猜測(cè)詞義。

denominator也是語言學(xué)專業(yè)術(shù)語,詞根nom意思是“name”,可以有助于猜測(cè)詞義。另外也需要借助上下文確定該詞的準(zhǔn)確譯法。

It’s ...that...為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型

Have difficulty doing...譯為“有困難……,難以……”

參考譯文:

英國南安普敦大學(xué)(University of Southampton)的全球英語教授詹尼弗·詹金斯(Jennifer Jenkins)表示:“在周圍的人都把英語作為通用語的情況下,英語母語者實(shí)際上處境不利,因?yàn)樗麄冸y以理解別人,也很難傳達(dá)自己的意思。

Non-native speakers generally use more limited vocabulary and simpler expressions, without flowery language or slang. And then there’s cultural style, Blattner says. When a Brit reacts to a proposal by saying, “That’s interesting” a fellow Brit might recognise this as understatement for, “That’s rubbish.” But other nationalities would take the word “interesting” on face value, he says.

flowery表示“花的,華麗的”。

And then there’s cultural style理解容易出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。字面看cultural style指“文化風(fēng)格”,當(dāng)需要區(qū)分“分化風(fēng)格”了,也就說明了產(chǎn)生了“文化差異”。

Brit指“英國人”,與Briton, Britisher同義,但略帶“貶義”。

understatement指“輕描淡寫、低調(diào)陳述、含蓄陳述”。

take the word ...on face value指“按其字面意義進(jìn)行理解”

參考譯文:

非英語母語者通常使用有限的詞匯,表達(dá)也相對(duì)簡單,不會(huì)運(yùn)用華麗的辭藻或俚語。而布拉特納(Blattner)認(rèn)為,這就導(dǎo)致了文化差異。當(dāng)一個(gè)英國人說一項(xiàng)提議很有趣時(shí),其他英國人大概會(huì)覺得,這不過是很垃圾的含蓄說法,但外國人就只會(huì)從字面上去理解這句話。

“English speakers with no other language often have a lack of awareness of how to speak English internationally.

speak English internationally較為費(fèi)解,字面意思是說“國際化地講英語”,實(shí)質(zhì)是講由于缺乏國際意識(shí),不懂在英語國家之外的場(chǎng)合如何恰當(dāng)使用英語與人交流。

參考譯文:

不懂其他語言的英語母語者,往往缺乏國際意識(shí),不懂得用英語和外國人妥善溝通。

In Berlin, Coulter saw German staff of a Fortune 500 company being briefed from their Californian HQ via video link. Despite being competent in English, the Germans gleaned only the gist of what their American project leader said. So among themselves they came up with an agreed version, which might or might not have been what was intended by the California staff.

本小節(jié)的理解難度略有提高,出現(xiàn)了一些較專業(yè)的表達(dá)。翻譯中需要靈活調(diào)整語序,使?fàn)钫Z、定語等符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

Fortune 500 company指“世界500強(qiáng)企業(yè)”。

brief用作動(dòng)詞表示“(做)簡報(bào),摘要”,本句中用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示“被簡要通報(bào),傳達(dá)指示”

HQHeadQuater的縮寫

glean本義表示“拾(落穗)”,引申為拾起,收集。

the gist of指“要點(diǎn),主旨”

come up with an agreed version想出一個(gè)大家認(rèn)同的(一致的)版本。

參考譯文:

庫爾特(Coulter)在柏林親眼見過一家世界500強(qiáng)企業(yè)通過視頻從加利福尼亞總部向德國員工傳達(dá)指示。德國員工盡管英語水平不錯(cuò),但也僅能勉強(qiáng)抓住美國項(xiàng)目領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的大意。于是他們自己內(nèi)部商定了一種理解,至于是否如實(shí)反映了總部的實(shí)際意圖,誰也說不準(zhǔn)。

“Too many non-Anglophones, especially the Asians and the French, are too concerned about not ‘losing face’ — and nod approvingly while not getting the message at all,” he says.

non-Anglophones非盎格魯口音的人,即非英語為母語者。

be too concerned about:太過于在意某事

nod approvingly點(diǎn)頭表示同意。其中approvingly的翻譯要由“副詞”轉(zhuǎn)類為“動(dòng)詞”,不可直接譯成“贊同地點(diǎn)頭”

參考譯文:

庫爾特說:不少非英語母語者,尤其是亞洲人和法國人,都太過糾結(jié)面子問題,即使完全聽不懂,也會(huì)點(diǎn)頭表示贊同。

That’s why Nerriere devised Globish — a distilled form of English, stripped down to 1,500 words and simple but standard grammar. “It’s not a language, it’s a tool,” he says. Since launching Globish in 2004 he’s sold more than 200,000 Globish text books in 18 languages.

Globish為一個(gè)新創(chuàng)詞,有globalEnglish混合而成,通過構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)可以確定該詞詞義為“全球語”。

distil本義表示“蒸餾,提純”這里指“提煉出的”,用作定語。

strip down to 本義指“脫到只剩……”,這里比喻意義為“精簡到……”

參考譯文:

為此,內(nèi)里埃(Nerriere)發(fā)明了全球語,一種簡化版的英語,其詞匯量精簡到1500詞左右,語法既簡單又規(guī)范。他說:全球語不是語言,只是工具。自2004年推廣全球語以來,內(nèi)里埃的全球語教材已售出20000余萬冊(cè),涵蓋了18種語言。

“If you can communicate efficiently with limited, simple language you save time, avoid misinterpretation and you don’t have errors in communication,” Nerriere says.

本句句法簡單清晰,理解沒有難度。

翻譯技巧上考慮使用“詞類轉(zhuǎn)換”,即“轉(zhuǎn)譯”法。

參考譯文:

內(nèi)里埃表示:簡化語言,限定詞匯,有效溝通,就能節(jié)省不少時(shí)間,還能避免引起誤解,杜絕交流失誤。

When trying to communicate in English with a group of people with varying levels of fluency, it’s important to be receptive and adaptable, tuning your ears into a whole range of different ways of using English, Jenkins says.

本節(jié)的主句為It’s important to be receptive and adaptable,但是翻譯中可以把“it’s important(這點(diǎn)很重要)”放在句末,加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。

receptive指“善于接受的,能包容的”

adaptable指“適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)的,能適應(yīng)的”

參考譯文:

詹金斯表示:用英語交流時(shí),面對(duì)水平各異的人,我們應(yīng)該懷著靈活包容的態(tài)度,去適應(yīng)形形色色的英語用法,這一點(diǎn)很重要。

“People who’ve learned other languages are good at doing that, but native speakers of English generally are monolingual and not very good at tuning in to language variation,” she says.

本句相對(duì)簡單。

monolingual指“單語的”

tune in to...指“收聽,收看……”

language variation指“語言變體”,是較為專業(yè)的語言學(xué)術(shù)語。

參考譯文:

她補(bǔ)充道:學(xué)過外語的人擅長這點(diǎn),但英語母語者由于只會(huì)一種語言,并太擅長適應(yīng)各種語言變體。

In meetings, Anglophones tend to speed along at what they consider a normal pace, and also rush to fill gaps in conversation, according to Steggles.

speed along有一路說下去而不管不顧的味道,what they condise可視為插入語,其表達(dá)的味道也需要予以關(guān)注。

rush to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“急于……”

according to sb.按照某人的說法,即某人說道……

參考譯文:

斯特格勒斯(Steggles)表示,開會(huì)的時(shí)候,英語母語者容易語速過快,還自以為語速正常,而且經(jīng)常急著插話。

He recommends making the same point in a couple of different ways and asking for some acknowledgement, reaction or action.

recommend后面接動(dòng)名詞作賓語,表示“建議做……”。

a couple of表示“幾種,幾個(gè),一些”

ask for some acknowledgement, reaction or action詞匯語義接近,處理起來稍有難度。

參考譯文:

他建議,英語母語者用多種方式來表達(dá)同一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),同時(shí)請(qǐng)對(duì)方就自己所講內(nèi)容作出確認(rèn)、反饋或反應(yīng)。