（二）2011年以來(lái)的主要活動(dòng)

Major events

2011年以來(lái)，中國(guó)與29個(gè)國(guó)家、空間機(jī)構(gòu)和國(guó)際組織簽署43項(xiàng)空間合作協(xié)定或諒解備忘錄，參與聯(lián)合國(guó)及相關(guān)國(guó)際組織開展的有關(guān)活動(dòng)，推進(jìn)國(guó)際空間商業(yè)合作，取得豐碩成果。

Since 2011, China has signed 43 space cooperation agreements or memoranda of understanding with 29 countries, space agencies and international organizations. It has taken part in relevant activities sponsored by the United Nations and other relevant international organizations, and supported international commercial cooperation in space. These measures have yielded fruitful results.

1、雙邊合作

(1) Bilateral cooperation

——中國(guó)與俄羅斯在總理定期會(huì)晤委員會(huì)航天合作分委會(huì)機(jī)制下，簽署《2013－2017年中俄航天合作大綱》，積極推動(dòng)在深空探測(cè)、載人航天、對(duì)地觀測(cè)、衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航、電子元器件等領(lǐng)域合作。

– China and Russia signed the Outline of China-Russia Space Cooperation from 2013 to 2017 through the mechanism of the Space Cooperation Sub-committee during the Prime Ministers’ Meeting between Russia and China. The two countries have actively promoted cooperation in deep space exploration, manned spaceflight, earth observation, satellite navigation, space-related electronic parts and components, and other areas.

——中國(guó)與歐洲空間局在中歐航天合作聯(lián)合委員會(huì)機(jī)制下，簽署《2015－2020年中歐航天合作大綱》，明確在深空探測(cè)、空間科學(xué)、對(duì)地觀測(cè)、測(cè)控服務(wù)、空間碎片、教育培訓(xùn)等領(lǐng)域開展合作，啟動(dòng)實(shí)施“太陽(yáng)風(fēng)與磁層相互作用全景式成像衛(wèi)星”。圓滿完成“龍計(jì)劃”第三期科技合作。

– China and the European Space Agency (ESA) signed the Outline of China-ESA Space Cooperation from 2015 to 2020 within the mechanism of the China-Europe Joint Commission on Space Cooperation. The two sides have declared their determination to cooperate in deep space exploration, space science, earth observation, TT&C services, space debris, and space-related education and training, and launched the panoramic imaging satellite for solar wind and magnetosphere interaction. The two sides have completed cooperation on the Dragon 3 cooperation program.

——中國(guó)與巴西在中巴高層協(xié)調(diào)與合作委員會(huì)航天分委會(huì)機(jī)制下，持續(xù)開展中巴地球資源衛(wèi)星合作，成功發(fā)射中巴地球資源04星，簽署中巴地球資源04A星聯(lián)合研制補(bǔ)充協(xié)定以及遙感衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)與應(yīng)用合作協(xié)定，保持中巴地球資源衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)的連續(xù)性。在南非、新加坡升級(jí)改造中巴地球資源衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)接收站，擴(kuò)大該衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)在區(qū)域和全球范圍的應(yīng)用，積極推進(jìn)中巴空間天氣聯(lián)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室建設(shè)。

– China and Brazil, through the mechanism of the Space Cooperation Sub-committee of the Sino-Brazilian High-level Coordination Commission, have conducted constant cooperation in the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) program. They successfully launched CBERS-4, signed the Supplementary Agreement of China and Brazil on the Joint Development of CBERS-04A and Cooperation Agreement of China and Brazil on Remote-Sensing Satellite Data and Application, maintaining CBERS data consistency. The two countries also updated CBERS data receiving stations in South Africa and Singapore, expanding CBERS data application regionally and globally. They have worked together to set up the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather.

——中國(guó)與法國(guó)在中法航天合作聯(lián)委會(huì)機(jī)制下，持續(xù)推進(jìn)中法天文、中法海洋等衛(wèi)星工程合作項(xiàng)目，簽署關(guān)于空間與氣候變化的合作意向書，推動(dòng)空間技術(shù)應(yīng)用于全球氣候變化治理。

– China and France, within the mechanism of the Sino-French Joint Commission on Space Cooperation, have engaged in bilateral cooperation on astronomic, ocean and other satellite programs. The two countries have signed a letter of intent on space and climate change, and worked to promote the application of space technology in global climate change governance.

——中國(guó)與意大利成立中意航天合作聯(lián)合委員會(huì)，穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)中意電磁監(jiān)測(cè)試驗(yàn)衛(wèi)星工程研制。

– China and Italy set up the Sino-Italian Joint Commission on Space Cooperation, and have steadily carried forward research and development of the China-Italy Electromagnetic Monitoring Experiment Satellite Program.

——中國(guó)與英國(guó)持續(xù)推進(jìn)中英空間科學(xué)技術(shù)聯(lián)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)航天科技人才交流，啟動(dòng)中英遙感應(yīng)用合作研究。

– China and Britain have promoted construction of a joint laboratory on space science and technology, upgraded their exchanges in space science and technology personnel, and launched cooperative studies on remote-sensing applications.

——中國(guó)與德國(guó)推動(dòng)兩國(guó)航天企業(yè)間對(duì)話，加強(qiáng)兩國(guó)在航天高端制造領(lǐng)域的合作。

– China and Germany have promoted dialogue between their space industry enterprises, and strengthened cooperation in high-end space manufacturing.

——中國(guó)與荷蘭簽署空間合作諒解備忘錄，推動(dòng)農(nóng)業(yè)、水資源、大氣環(huán)境等領(lǐng)域遙感應(yīng)用合作，明確在“嫦娥四號(hào)”任務(wù)實(shí)施中搭載荷方有效載荷。

– China and the Netherlands signed a memorandum of understanding on space cooperation, promoting cooperation in remote-sensing applications in agriculture, water resources and atmospheric environment, and stating that Chang’e-4 would carry a Dutch payload in its mission.

——中國(guó)與美國(guó)在中美戰(zhàn)略與經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)話框架下，開展民用航天對(duì)話，明確在空間碎片、空間天氣和應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化等領(lǐng)域加強(qiáng)合作。

– China and the United States, within the framework of the China-U.S. Strategic and Economic Dialogue, carried out a civil space dialogue, stating that the two countries would strengthen cooperation in space debris, space weather, response to global climate change, and related areas.

——中國(guó)與阿爾及利亞、阿根廷、比利時(shí)、印度、印度尼西亞、哈薩克斯坦等國(guó)簽署航天合作協(xié)定，建立雙邊航天合作機(jī)制，明確在空間技術(shù)、空間應(yīng)用、空間科學(xué)、教育培訓(xùn)等領(lǐng)域加強(qiáng)交流與合作。

– China signed space cooperation agreements and established bilateral space cooperation mechanisms with Algeria, Argentina, Belgium, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan to strengthen exchanges and cooperation in such areas as space technology, space applications, and space science, education and training.