學(xué)習(xí)如何提高閱讀能力和記憶力，是學(xué)生在學(xué)校和日常生活中取得成功的關(guān)鍵。但是，對(duì)于那些在閱讀和語(yǔ)言理解方面感到吃力的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，具備良好的理解力，準(zhǔn)確定位某些文字，就頗具挑戰(zhàn)了。幸運(yùn)的是，這些挑戰(zhàn)并非不可逾越。教師、家長(zhǎng)、學(xué)生可運(yùn)用一些閱讀技巧來(lái)提高學(xué)生的閱讀能力和學(xué)業(yè)水平。

1.Use Pre-Reading Tasks to Improve Reading Comprehension
1.完成讀前任務(wù)，提高理解力

Take action before you even crack open a book, article, or other text. If the piece covers a historical event, for example, ask yourself what you already know about this topic. Try to recall as much information as you can. Think about related issues you've studied in the past. Take a few minutes to jot your thoughts down or share them with others. When you've finished, you'll have a head start on processing the information to come.
在閱讀某部著作、某篇文章或其他文本之前，你需要提前做一些準(zhǔn)備。例如，假定這篇文章涵蓋某一歷史事件，那么，問(wèn)問(wèn)自己對(duì)該主題究竟了解多少。此外，盡可能多地回憶與之有關(guān)的信息。思考之前學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的相關(guān)問(wèn)題。接著，花幾分鐘時(shí)間把這些內(nèi)容記錄下來(lái)或與他人分享這些信息。完成后，便為接下來(lái)閱讀做了良好的準(zhǔn)備。

2.Research the Topic before You Begin
2.閱讀前研究標(biāo)題

Background information typically appears on the covers or backs of books as well as on the inner flaps of book jackets. Also, many books include introductory sections and brief biographies of the authors. Book publisher’s websites may include background information as well. Don't hesitate to put it to use. As you read the information, ask the following questions:

What kind of text is this?

What new information did I learn, and what do I expect to learn?

Is this text informative or entertaining, fact, or fiction?

What interests me about this book?

書籍的封頁(yè)、背面以及護(hù)封的內(nèi)頁(yè)通常含有背景信息的介紹。此外，許多書都有引言以及作者簡(jiǎn)介這兩部分。當(dāng)然，圖書出版商的網(wǎng)站也許也會(huì)出現(xiàn)相關(guān)背景信息。要積極利用這些信息，不要猶豫。閱讀信息時(shí)，思考以下問(wèn)題：

本篇屬于何種文本類型？

我學(xué)到了什么新內(nèi)容？接下來(lái)，我期待學(xué)到什么？

本篇具有教育性還是娛樂性？真實(shí)還是虛構(gòu)？

這本書有哪些地方吸引我？

3.Learn New Vocabulary Words
3.學(xué)習(xí)新詞匯

As you read, make a list of unfamiliar vocabulary words. Look up the meanings of the words in the dictionary, and copy down definitions by hand. Don't type the meanings of the words or simply read them. Handwriting the meanings are much more likely to help you retain the definition.
閱讀時(shí)，列出不熟悉的單詞。翻閱字典，查找釋義，然后抄寫這些定義。不要輸入釋義，也不要只是看看而已。要想長(zhǎng)久記憶，手抄釋義作用更大。

4.Reflect on the Material and Ask Questions
4.反思材料并提出問(wèn)題

What questions come to mind while reading? Continue with the text to find the answers. You can think about the questions and answers or note them on scrap paper. Research indicates that writing notes by hand can increase the comprehension and recall of students without writing-related learning disabilities. Students who do have learning disabilities in writing mechanics should pair their handwritten notes with discussions about the material to improve their understanding and recall.
在閱讀過(guò)程中，你會(huì)產(chǎn)生哪些問(wèn)題？帶著疑問(wèn)繼續(xù)閱讀以尋得答案。期間，可以一邊思考一邊將疑問(wèn)及答案寫在便條上。研究證明，對(duì)于那些在寫作方面沒有壓力的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，手抄筆記可以增加他們的理解力和記憶力。而那些對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)寫作感到吃力的學(xué)生，應(yīng)該將手抄筆記與討論材料的方法相結(jié)合，以提高理解力和記憶力。

5.Test Yourself to Measure Your Mastery of the Material
5.測(cè)試自己對(duì)材料的掌握程度

After your reading session, quiz yourself on the main points. What was the main idea? Who are the characters in the story? What information did you learn? Jot down your thoughts in your own words to help you remember them and give you deeper insight into the topic. If expressive writing is difficult for you, jot shorter notes and discuss the reading with a friend or parent.
閱讀講習(xí)結(jié)束后，對(duì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行測(cè)試。思考材料的主要內(nèi)容是什么？故事有哪些角色？自己學(xué)到了什么？然后將這些想法用自己的話記錄下來(lái)。這樣，不僅便于自己記憶，而且有助于深化自己對(duì)該話題的理解。若你對(duì)寫作感到吃力，可以略記一些內(nèi)容，還可以與朋友或同伴就閱讀的內(nèi)容展開討論。

聲明：本雙語(yǔ)文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語(yǔ)原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。