（四）深空探測

Deep space exploration

2012年12月，“嫦娥二號”月球探測器成功實(shí)施圖塔蒂斯小行星飛越探測。2013年12月，“嫦娥三號”月球探測器首次實(shí)現(xiàn)中國航天器在地外天體軟著陸，完成月球表面巡視探測。2014年11月，月球探測工程三期再入返回飛行試驗(yàn)圓滿成功，標(biāo)志著中國完全掌握航天器以接近第二宇宙速度再入返回的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。

In December 2012, the Chang’e-2 lunar probe made a successful observation trip over asteroid 4179 (Toutatis). In December 2013, the Chang’e-3 realized the first soft landing on the surface of an extraterrestrial body by a Chinese spacecraft and completed patrol and exploration on the surface of the moon. In November 2014, China achieved success in the reentry and return flight test of the third-phase lunar exploration engineering, indicating that China has mastered the key technology of spacecraft reentry and return flight in a speed close to second cosmic velocity.

通過月球探測工程任務(wù)的實(shí)施，獲取了高分辨率全月球影像圖和虹灣區(qū)域高清晰影像，開展了月球形貌、月球結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造、月面物質(zhì)成分、月表環(huán)境和近月空間環(huán)境等研究以及月基天文觀測等。

The Lunar Exploration Program helped mankind to acquire a high-resolution map of the moon and a high-definition image of Sinus Iridum, and conducted research of lunar surface morphology, lunar structure, elemental composition of the lunar surface, lunar surface environment, lunar space environment and moon-based astronomical observation.

（五）航天發(fā)射場

Space launch sites

2016年6月，文昌航天發(fā)射場首次執(zhí)行航天發(fā)射任務(wù)，標(biāo)志著中國自主設(shè)計(jì)建造、綠色生態(tài)環(huán)保、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新跨越的新一代航天發(fā)射場正式投入使用。開展酒泉、太原、西昌三個(gè)發(fā)射場適應(yīng)性改造，基本形成沿海內(nèi)陸相結(jié)合、高低緯度相結(jié)合、各種射向范圍相結(jié)合的航天發(fā)射場布局，能夠滿足載人飛船、空間站核心艙、深空探測器以及各類衛(wèi)星的發(fā)射需求。

In June 2016, the Wenchang Launch Site held its first launch, marking a new-generation launch site designed and built by China. The site is environmentally friendly and made breakthroughs in innovation. Renovations have also been accomplished in the Jiuquan, Taiyuan and Xichang launch sites, forming a launch site network covering both coastal and inland areas, high and low altitudes, and various trajectories to satisfy the launch needs of manned spaceships, space laboratory core modules, deep space probes and all kinds of satellites.

（六）航天測控

Space Telemetry, Tracking and Command (TT&C)

“天鏈一號”數(shù)據(jù)中繼衛(wèi)星系列實(shí)現(xiàn)全球組網(wǎng)運(yùn)行，“遠(yuǎn)望七號”航天遠(yuǎn)洋測量船成功首航，深空測控站建成使用，中國航天測控布局不斷優(yōu)化，形成陸海天基一體、功能多樣、規(guī)模適度的航天測控網(wǎng)，航天器飛行控制綜合能力不斷提升，圓滿完成“神舟”系列飛船、“天宮一號”目標(biāo)飛行器、“嫦娥”系列月球探測器以及地球軌道衛(wèi)星等為代表的各項(xiàng)航天測控任務(wù)。

The Tianlian-1 data relay satellite series have achieved global networking and operating. The Yuanwang-7, a spacecraft tracking ship has made its maiden voyage. Deep space TT&C stations have been built and put into use. China is constantly improving its space telemetry, tracking and command setups, and established a multi-functioning TT&C network featuring space, marine and ground integration with a proper scale. The flight control ability of spacecraft has been gradually improved, completing the TT&C missions of the Shenzhou spacecraft series, Tiangong-1 target spacecraft, Chang’e lunar probe series and earth orbit satellites.

（七）空間應(yīng)用

Space applications

1、對地觀測衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用。對地觀測衛(wèi)星地面系統(tǒng)和應(yīng)用體系不斷完善，應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域深化拓展，應(yīng)用水平日益提升，應(yīng)用效益持續(xù)提高。陸地、海洋、大氣衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)地面接收站基本實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)籌建設(shè)與運(yùn)行，形成高低軌道相結(jié)合、國內(nèi)外合理布局的衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)地面接收能力；統(tǒng)籌建設(shè)地面數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)、共性應(yīng)用支撐平臺、多層次網(wǎng)絡(luò)相結(jié)合的數(shù)據(jù)分發(fā)體系，數(shù)據(jù)處理、存檔、分發(fā)、服務(wù)和定量化應(yīng)用能力大幅提升。行業(yè)應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)建設(shè)全面推進(jìn)，基本建成18個(gè)行業(yè)和2個(gè)區(qū)域應(yīng)用示范系統(tǒng)，設(shè)立26個(gè)省級數(shù)據(jù)與應(yīng)用中心。建立高分辨率對地觀測系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用綜合信息服務(wù)共享平臺，對地觀測衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)已廣泛應(yīng)用于行業(yè)、區(qū)域、公眾服務(wù)等領(lǐng)域，為經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展提供重要支撐。

(1) Application of earth observation satellites. The ground system and applications of earth observation satellites are improving, the fields and levels in which these satellites are used are expanding and the application benefits are growing. The ground stations receiving data from land, ocean and meteorological observation satellites are operating based on comprehensive planning, a satellite data ground network with the capacity of receiving data from high- and low-orbit satellites and reasonable arrangement at home and abroad. China has also established, based on comprehensive planning, a ground data processing system for earth observation satellites, common application supporting platform, and multi-level network data distribution system, greatly increasing its ability in data processing, archiving, distribution, services provision and quantitative applications. Industrial application system building is in full swing, having completed 18 industrial and two regional application demonstration systems, and set up 26 provincial-level data and application centers. An integrated information service sharing platform for a high-resolution earth observation system has been built. Earth observation satellite data is now widely used in industrial, regional and public services for economic and social development.

2、通信廣播衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用。通信衛(wèi)星測控站、信關(guān)站、上行站、標(biāo)校場等地面設(shè)施不斷完善，建成一定規(guī)模、能夠滿足相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)需要的衛(wèi)星通信網(wǎng)和衛(wèi)星廣播電視傳輸網(wǎng)，衛(wèi)星通信服務(wù)能力進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)，在廣播電視、遠(yuǎn)程教育、遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療等領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮重大作用，衛(wèi)星應(yīng)急通信為防汛抗旱、搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)、重大突發(fā)事件處置提供重要支撐。

(2) Application of communications and broadcasting satellites. The ground facilities such as TT&C station, gateway station, uplink station and calibration field of communications satellites have been improved. A satellite communications network and satellite radio and TV network of adequate scale to meet the needs of certain services have been built, further improving the communications service ability. These applications play an important role in radio and television services, distance education and telemedicine. The emergency satellite communications system has provided important support for the fight against flood and drought, for rescue and relief work, and for handling major emergencies.

3、導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用。北斗系統(tǒng)服務(wù)精度和可靠性大幅提高，構(gòu)建形成自主可控、完整成熟的北斗產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈以及北斗產(chǎn)業(yè)保障、應(yīng)用推進(jìn)和創(chuàng)新三大體系，廣泛應(yīng)用于交通運(yùn)輸、海洋漁業(yè)、水文監(jiān)測、氣象預(yù)報(bào)、測繪地理信息、森林防火、通信時(shí)統(tǒng)、電力調(diào)度、救災(zāi)減災(zāi)、應(yīng)急搜救等領(lǐng)域，逐步滲透到人類社會生產(chǎn)和人們生活的方方面面，為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展注入新的活力。

(3) Application of navigation and positioning satellites. The Beidou Navigation Satellite System has significantly improved its accuracy and reliability, bringing into play an independent, controllable, complete and mature Beidou industrial chain and the three systems of Beidou industrial guarantee, application promotion and innovation. The Beidou Navigation System is widely used in transportation, maritime fisheries, hydrological monitoring, weather forecasting, surveying and mapping, forest fire prevention, time synchronization of communication, power dispatching, disaster reduction and relief and emergency rescue, influencing all aspects of people’s life and production, and injecting new vitality into global economic and social development.

4、航天技術(shù)成果轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)用?！盎ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)+衛(wèi)星應(yīng)用”新業(yè)態(tài)孕育發(fā)展，為大眾生活提供更加優(yōu)質(zhì)便利的服務(wù)。通過航天技術(shù)成果的二次開發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)化應(yīng)用，為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)相關(guān)行業(yè)提供優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)，支撐和帶動新材料、智能制造、電子信息等相關(guān)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展。

(4) Transformation and application of space technology. A new business model featuring the Internet plus satellite applications is coming into being, providing more convenient and high-quality services to the public. Secondary development, transformation and applications of space technology make possible the provision of high-quality products and services to relevant industries, and help to support and propel the development of new materials, intelligent manufacturing and electronic information, among others.

（八）空間科學(xué)

Space science

1、空間科學(xué)衛(wèi)星。成功發(fā)射暗物質(zhì)粒子探測、“實(shí)踐十號”、量子科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)等空間科學(xué)衛(wèi)星，為前沿科學(xué)研究提供重要手段。

(1) Space science satellites. China has successfully launched the Dark Matter Particle Explorer, Shijian-10 and Quantum Science Experiment Satellite, offering important means for frontier scientific research.

2、空間環(huán)境下的科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。利用空間科學(xué)衛(wèi)星、“嫦娥”探測器、“神舟”系列飛船和“天宮一號”目標(biāo)飛行器等，開展一系列空間科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，深化了空間微重力和強(qiáng)輻射條件下生物生長、材料制備等機(jī)理的認(rèn)識，取得了一批有影響力的研究成果。

(2) Space environment scientific experiments. China has carried out a series of space science experiments using space science satellites, Chang’e lunar probe, Shenzhou spacecraft series and Tiangong-1 target aircraft, deepening the understanding of the mechanism of biological growth and materials preparation under the conditions of space microgravity and intense radiation, and achieving some influential research findings.

3、空間環(huán)境探測與預(yù)報(bào)。利用空間科學(xué)衛(wèi)星、“神舟”系列飛船等，積累空間環(huán)境主要參數(shù)及其效應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)，為航天器安全運(yùn)行提供空間環(huán)境監(jiān)測與預(yù)報(bào)服務(wù)。

(3) Space environment detection and forecast. China has identified the space environment’s major parameters and effects using space science satellites and the Shenzhou spacecraft series to provide space environmental monitoring and forecasting services for the safe operation of spacecraft.