1. 關(guān)系代詞that,which,as的聯(lián)系
關(guān)系代詞that,which,as均可以引導(dǎo)定語從句,并在句中充當(dāng)一定的成分,其中:
a) that和which在從句中指物時??梢曰Q,如:
The book that/which I am reading is very interesting.
我正在看的這本書非常有趣。
b) which和as都可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,如:
He has made great progress, as / which makes us very happy.
他進步了,這使得我們很高興。
2. 關(guān)系代詞that,which,as的區(qū)別
a) which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,如:
These apple trees,which I planted three years ago,have not borne any fruit.
這些蘋果樹是我三年前栽的,還沒有結(jié)過果實。
b) 從句的介詞后面用which,如:
I went to the station, at which I met John.
我去了車站,在那里我見到了約翰。
c) 若一個句子中含有兩個定語從句,其中一句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一句則用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.
給你看一下這本小說,它是我從新對我們開放的圖書館里借來的。
d) 只用that的情況:
i. anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等不定代詞作先行詞時,如:
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
最后,那個賊把他所偷的東西都交給了警察。
ii. 先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時,如:
This is the only example that I can remember.
這是我唯一記得的一個例子。
iii. 先行詞為序數(shù)詞(the last)、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,如:
It’s the best ice cream that I have ever eaten.
這是我吃過最好吃的冰淇淋。
iv. 先行詞既有人,又有物時,如:
The train ran over a boy and his dog that were just crossing the track.
火車壓死了正在過軌道的男孩和他的狗。
v. 主句以特殊疑問詞開頭時,如:
Which is the book we will use tomorrow?
那本是我們明天要用的書?
vi. 關(guān)系代詞在句中作表語時,如:
Shenzhen is no longer a rural area that it used to be.
深圳不再是過去的小鄉(xiāng)村了。
e) 只用as的情況:
i. 當(dāng)先行詞前面有so + adj. + a / such + (a) + adj. , the same等詞修飾時,如:
It is such an interesting book as we all want to read.
它是本我們大家都想讀的有趣的書。
ii. 當(dāng)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句放到主句的前面時,如:
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
月球每月繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一周,這是每個人都清楚的。