英語動(dòng)詞語態(tài):動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)含義
1)在need,want,require,deserve和bear等詞的后面,動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義,其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如:
The house needs repairing(to be repaired).這房子需要修理。
My clothes need washing(to be washed).我的衣服需要洗了。
2)形容詞worth后面跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義,但不能跟動(dòng)詞不定式;而worthy后面跟動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如:
The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)這本畫冊很值得一讀。
Such a man as Mr.Smith is not worth helping.(=Such a man as Mr.Smith is not worthy to be helped.)像史密斯先生那樣的人不值得幫助。
This plan is not worth considering.(=This plan is not worthy to be considered.)這個(gè)計(jì)劃不值得考慮。
3)某些動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義
a.當(dāng)nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult, important,impossible,pleasant, interesting等形容詞后跟不定式作狀語,而句子的主語又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí),這時(shí)常用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如:
Japanese is not difficult to learn.日語并不難學(xué)。(指日語被學(xué))
The water is unfit to drink.這水不適合喝。(指水被喝)
The piece of music is pleasant to hear.這首音樂聽起來很悅耳。(指音樂被聽)
This book is easy to read.這本書讀起來很容易。(指書被讀)
b.當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后面作定語,不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如:
I have a lot of work to do today.我今天有很多工作要做。(work to do指被做的工作)
He has three children to look after.他有三個(gè)孩子要照看。(children to look after指孩子被照看)
注意:如果以上句型用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式,其含義有所區(qū)別。如:
I have some clothes to be washed.我有些要洗的衣服。(衣服不是自己洗)
c.在there be...句型中,當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時(shí),不定式用主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)式,其含義沒有什么區(qū)別。如:
There is a lot of homework to do(to be done).有很多家庭作業(yè)要做。
There are some clothes to wash(to be washed).有些衣服要洗。
4)由介詞for,on,above,under等構(gòu)成的短語有時(shí)可以表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如:
His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon.=His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon.他的油畫作品明天下午展出。
5)表示感官意義的連系動(dòng)詞如smell,feel,taste,look,sound等在句子中常表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。如:
How nice the music sounds!這音樂聽起來多悅耳!
Good medicine tastes bitter.良藥苦口。
Our school looks more beautiful than before.我們學(xué)??瓷先ケ纫郧案亮?。