從屬連詞(subordinating?conjunction)
從屬連詞這種連詞是用以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句?和狀語從句的.?由從屬連詞所引導(dǎo)的句子叫從句,而含有從句的句子叫作復(fù)合句。
從屬連詞分類?
大致可分為三大類:
1、名從里的從屬連詞
that?(無詞義,不做成分)
if,whether?(表達(dá)是否的意義,但不做句子成分)
2、狀從里的從屬連詞,before,after,since,if,because,though等。
用法
在英語詞類中,連接詞可說是最容易掌握的一種。
從結(jié)構(gòu)上說,英語連接詞分兩大類:并列連詞(coordinating?conjunctions)和從屬連詞(subordinating?conjunctions)。
并列連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上地位平等的字、詞組或分句。例如:
(1)?Air?and?water?are?indispensable?to?me.
(2)?She?likes?going?out?with?friends?or?playing?outdoor?games.
(3)?Most?workers?have?a?good?income,?so?they?look?very?happy.
從屬連詞連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的分句,形成復(fù)雜句中的從屬分句。例如:
(4)?He?said?that?he?did?not?want?to?go?.
(5)?Many?things?have?happened?since?I?last?saw?him.
(6)?You?may?come?if?you?want?to.
從屬連詞用來連接各種從句。until(till)直到,在用until表達(dá)時(shí)間狀語的句子中,主句中的動(dòng)詞是要十分小心去選擇的。如動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,它要用肯定句,如:I?studied?hard?until?12?o'clock?last?night.如果動(dòng)詞是瞬間截止性動(dòng)詞,則要用否定句,如:He?didn't?go?to?bed?until?his?mother?came?back.由since,for,by,before,?來引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。since?引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語是動(dòng)作的開始時(shí)間,如:I?have?studied?English?since?1990.而by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語通常是動(dòng)作的結(jié)束時(shí)間,如:I?had?learned?25?English?songs?by?the?end?of?last?term.
舉例說明?
上述連詞的用法,看起來不難,但錯(cuò)誤也難免。下面是些好例子:
(1)?This?book?may?be?used?both?as?a?text?as?well?as?a?reference?book.
這里的“as?well?as”和“both”不能搭配,應(yīng)該將“as?well?”改為“and”,使“both.......and......”變成關(guān)聯(lián)連詞(?correlative?conjunction)
(2)?He?not?only?speaks?Mandarin?but?also?English.
這里的“not?only”應(yīng)該移到“speaks”后面,使這個(gè)動(dòng)詞兼顧兩個(gè)等立賓語:“Mandarin”和“English”。
(3)?Although?he?is?fat,?but?he?is?very?weak.
英語里的“although”和“but”是不見面的?,因此這句里的“?but”要去掉,不然“although”就要出來。
(4)?Jim?is?not?so?strong?like?you.
這里的“not?so”必須和“as”連成一體;介詞“l(fā)ike”是不適宜的。
(5)?No?sooner?had?we?reached?our?destination,?they?left.
"No?sooner"必須和"than"?配成關(guān)聯(lián)連詞,把"than"?省掉是不對(duì)的,應(yīng)該補(bǔ)上:
No?sooner?had?we?reached?our?destination?than?they?left.
這句子的意思也可透過“as?soon?as”反映出來:
“As?soon?as?we?reached?our?destination,?they?left.”
(6)?I?took?a?taxi?and?which?took?me?to?the?station.
這里的并列連詞“and”是多余的,必須去掉。如果要保留“and?”也可,但是形容詞分句里的關(guān)系代詞“Which”要改成主語“it”?,使整個(gè)句子變成并列分句如下:
I?took?a?taxi?and?it?took?me?to?the?station.
(7)?My?friend?came?up?to?me?and?held?my?hand,?said?good-bye?excitedly.
這里的“and”應(yīng)該用來連接最后兩個(gè)謂語才對(duì):
My?friend?came?up?to?me,?held?my?hand,?and?said?good-bye?excitedly.
不然,就要把“said”改成“saying”。
“saying”起主要作用。