形容詞adjunctive, 縮寫是adj., 修飾名詞,說(shuō)明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。
1) 直接說(shuō)明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級(jí)的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:hot 熱的,cold冷的,easy容易的
i. 作定語(yǔ):
This is an interesting story. Kitty is a clever cat. 
ii. 作表語(yǔ):
Yao Ming is very tall. Our classroom is big and bright.
iii. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):
Don't make your hands dirty. We're trying to make our school beautiful.
2) 敘述形容詞只能作表語(yǔ),所以又稱為表語(yǔ)形容詞。這類形容詞沒(méi)有級(jí)的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開(kāi)頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。
例如:afraid, well, unwell, ill, faint, afraid, alike, alive, alone, asleep, awake 等。
(錯(cuò)) He is an ill man.
(對(duì)) The man is ill.
(錯(cuò)) She is an afraid girl.
(對(duì)) The girl is afraid.
3)形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:something nice, nothing wrong
There is something wrong with my DVD machine. It's nothing serious.
4)某些形容詞可以和定冠詞連用,表示一類人或事物,其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。
例如: the young年輕人,the poor窮人,the rich富人
The rich get richer and the poor get poorer sometimes evoked.
5)如果有兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾同一個(gè)名詞時(shí),其前后排列順序一般如下:
限定詞(a/the, this/some/her……)+數(shù)量詞(先序數(shù)詞后基數(shù)詞)+觀點(diǎn)+大小+形狀+新舊+顏色+產(chǎn)地+材料+名詞。例如:a big old German computer
可總結(jié)為:限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高, 形狀年齡和新老; 顏色國(guó)籍跟材料, 作用類別往后靠。
One day they crossed the old Chinese stone bridge behind the palace.