Message from Ms. Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO, on the Occasion of the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women

教科文組織總干事伊琳娜·博科娃女士在消除對(duì)婦女的暴力行為國(guó)際日的致辭

Women’s Security in the Wake of a Changing Climate

氣候變化關(guān)乎婦女安全

25 November 2016

2016年11月25日

Violence against women is a grave violation of fundamental human rights and a threat to millions of girls and women across the world. At least one out of every three women worldwide has been beaten, coerced into sex, or otherwise abused in her lifetime. Entire societies are affected by violence that may be physical, sexual (harassment, coercion or discrimination) and psychological (verbal or emotional abuse, such as bullying or ostracizing).

對(duì)婦女的暴力行為嚴(yán)重侵犯基本人權(quán)，并對(duì)全世界數(shù)百萬(wàn)女童和婦女構(gòu)成威脅。全世界每三位女性中至少有一位在一生中遭受過(guò)毆打、強(qiáng)迫性行為或其他方式的虐待。諸如此類的身體暴力、性暴力（騷擾、強(qiáng)迫或歧視）和心理暴力（言語(yǔ)或情感虐待，如欺凌或排斥）遍及世界各地。

On this International Day of the Elimination of Violence against Women, UNESCO draws attention to climate change and scarce resources as factors fuelling violence against women – at home, on streets, during climate-induced natural disasters.

在今年的消除對(duì)婦女的暴力行為國(guó)際日，教科文組織提請(qǐng)注意的是，氣候變化和資源匱乏可能引發(fā)針對(duì)婦女的暴力行為——在因氣候原因?qū)е碌淖匀粸?zāi)害期間，發(fā)生在家庭或街頭的暴力行為。

Climate change is a threat multiplier – it can exacerbate the migration and displacement of populations and contribute to crop failure or flooding, increasing pressure at home and on livelihoods. Studies indicate that women are responsible for 65 percent of household food production in Asia, 75 percent in sub-Saharan Africa and 45 percent in Latin America. It is often the traditional roles of women that place them at greater risk from the consequences of climate change – finding themselves vulnerable to violence as they walk tens of miles every day to secure food, water and firewood or after having been displaced or impoverished by disasters. Lost livelihoods and poverty can also heighten violence at home due to economic pressures, as well enduring from practices of female genital mutilation and child marriage.

氣候變化滋生著各種威脅，它可能加劇人口的遷移和流離失所，并導(dǎo)致作物歉收或洪水泛濫，從而給家庭增加生計(jì)壓力。研究表明，在亞洲，婦女負(fù)責(zé)65%的家庭糧食生產(chǎn)，這一比率在撒哈拉以南的非洲地區(qū)為75％，在拉丁美洲為45%。婦女的傳統(tǒng)角色，往往使她們更多地面臨著氣候變化所帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。每天奔波在外挑柴擔(dān)水養(yǎng)家糊口或受災(zāi)之后流離失所忍饑挨餓的時(shí)候，她們很容易受到暴力侵害。生計(jì)無(wú)著、一貧如洗也可能加劇因經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力導(dǎo)致的家庭暴力，此外她們可能還要忍受割禮和童婚的陋習(xí)。

UNESCO is engaged across the board to strengthen resilience in the face of climate change, integrating a gendered approach to all its action. Building on partnerships and initiatives, UNESCO is taking forward the idea that women and girls are key to tackling climate change, notably, for instance, for water management and disaster risk preparedness.

教科文組織全面參與提高抵御氣候變化能力的工作，將性別方針貫穿到其所有行動(dòng)之中。以各種伙伴關(guān)系和舉措倡議為基礎(chǔ)，教科文組織正在推進(jìn)這樣的觀念，即：婦女和女童是應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的關(guān)鍵，尤其是在水管理和災(zāi)害風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范方面。

We know that greenhouse gas emissions are impacting the planet. We must also recognise that climate change is impacting the lives of girls and women across the world. As we stand before the entry into force of the Paris Climate Agreement and prepare for a successful COP22 in Marrakech, we must not forget half of our population and the tremendous potential they represent. Women must be at the heart of all solutions to climate change.

我們知道溫室氣體排放正在影響地球。我們還必須認(rèn)識(shí)到，氣候變化正在影響著世界各地女童和婦女的生活。在我們面臨巴黎氣候協(xié)定生效、并積極籌備在馬拉喀什舉辦的聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約締約方會(huì)議第二十二屆會(huì)議之際，我們不能忘記占世界一半人口的女性及其所代表的巨大潛力。婦女必須成為所有氣候變化問(wèn)題解決方案的核心。