???????????????????????? One day in winter

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My hometown located in a very habitable valley where the people live in a harmonious atmosphere.

I still remember last winter, when I woke up in the morning, it had already stopped snowing.Looking outside of the window, the shiny white snow on our lawn had been cleaned by my father. I closed the book thatI had borrowed from local library and went downstairs for breakfast, which had been prepared well on the kitchen table. Then my little brother came to tell me thathe had finished all his homework and he had a very nice dream the night before. We talked about his dream and the stories of my book. During the breakfast, one of my best friends came to visit my family. She said that she had an unforgettable experience abroad.She went to Australia last year. Before that she had prepared for the examination of University of Sydney for half a year. During her study, she had learned the culture and professional knowledge in her field. Also, shehad gone to New Zealand for sightseeing where she understood the Maori people’s life. By the end of last fall she had finished reading a novel about Maori. When she was in Australia, together with her friends and classmateshad planned todonate some money for the poor and the weak in China. So after her return, she went to Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture to help the people in need. In total, 100 people had been helped by her teamby the end of this October. I was so proud of her that we had talked all day long. It was really a happy day.

這篇短文呢，講到的是過(guò)去完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)用法。過(guò)去完成時(shí)（past perfect tense）強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)發(fā)生在在另一動(dòng)作前或者過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間，或指在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間段已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，其實(shí)就是過(guò)去的過(guò)去。它的構(gòu)成如下：

構(gòu)成：had done，

被動(dòng)式：had been done。

例如文中“it had already stopped snowing.”這句話分析出來(lái)就是“雪已經(jīng)停了”。但是值得注意的是“雪停了”這個(gè)動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在“我”醒來(lái)之前，所以要用到過(guò)去完成時(shí)“had stopped。

再舉一個(gè)被動(dòng)式的例子“the shiny white snow on our lawn had been cleaned by my father.”即“草坪上的雪已經(jīng)被爸爸清掃干凈了。”因?yàn)橥ㄆ际窃谥v過(guò)去的事情，而爸爸是在過(guò)去之前就把雪清掃干凈了。這“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”就形成了。

再來(lái)分析一個(gè)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),文中“by the end of last fall she had finished reading a novel about Maori”那么這里的格式就是“by the time sb.+過(guò)去分詞”。今天的話題就這樣吧，畢竟人不能一口吃一個(gè)大胖子，咱們循序漸進(jìn)，文中加了顏色的部分都是過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法，同學(xué)們可以依照上面所講的內(nèi)容區(qū)一一對(duì)應(yīng)，自己分析和揣摩，最后祝福大家冬天快樂(lè)！