1.Consider what we know intuitively about an integrator. If you apply a DC signal at the input (i.e. , zero frequency), the output will describe a linear ramp that grows in amplitude until limited by the power supplies. Ignoring that limitation, the response of an integrator at zero frequency is infinite, which means that it has a pole at zero frequency. (A pole exists at any frequency for which the transfer function’s value becomes infinite.)
1.我們怎么從直觀上理解積分器呢？假設(shè)在輸入端加上一個直流信號（頻率為0），那么在輸出端將會出現(xiàn)一個線性斜坡信號,其幅度一直增至電源電壓。如果不考慮電源電壓對輸出信號的限制，積分器在零頻率上的響應(yīng)將是無窮大，這意味著它在零頻率點上存在一個極點（在任何使傳遞函數(shù)為無窮大值的頻率點上都存在一個極點）。

2.While the complex frequency’s imaginary part helps describe a response to AC signals, the real part helps describe a circuit’s transient response.
2.復(fù)頻率的虛部有助于描述電路對交流信號的響應(yīng)，而其實部有助于描述電路的瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)。

3.The low-pass filter’s transient response is more stable, because its pole is in the negative-real half of the complex plane.
3.低通濾波器的瞬態(tài)響應(yīng)更加穩(wěn)定，因為其極點位于復(fù)平面的左半部。

4.Clock Driver Skew (Intrinsic Skew) is the amount of skew caused by the clock driver itself. There are two kinds of clock driver devices; buffer devices and PLL-based devices. Skew occurs on the output of the buffer devices because of the differences in propagation delay of the input signal through the device.
4.時鐘驅(qū)動器偏移（固有偏移）是由時鐘驅(qū)動器自己引起的偏移。有兩種類型的時鐘驅(qū)動設(shè)備，緩存器件和基于鎖相環(huán)的器件。偏移發(fā)生在緩沖器件的輸出端，因為輸入信號通過器件時，其傳播延遲有差異。

5.The capacitance is directly proportional to the dielectric constant of the material and to the area of the plates and inversely to the distance of the plates.
5.電容器的電容量與介質(zhì)的介電常數(shù)及平板的面積成正比，與平板間的距離成反比。

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