1.The money which a bank obtains from its customers is generally known as its “deposits” and represents the balances which customers keep on their accounts with their banks. These accounts are of two main kinds: current accounts on which customers can draw check but receive no interest, and deposit and savings accounts on which the banks pay interest for the use of the money.
1.銀行從其客戶那里得到的錢，一般被稱為“存款”，代表客戶在銀行賬戶上持有的余額。這些賬戶主要有兩種：一種是活期存款，客戶可以對其開出支票，但沒有利息，另一種是儲蓄存款賬戶，銀行使用賬上的資金要支付利息。

2.But the shareholders' money is only a small part of the total amount of money which the clearing banks have at their command. Who provided the rest of this enormous sum? The banks' customers. Banks, in effect, borrow from their customers as well as lend to them.
2.但是，股東的資金僅僅是資金總額中的一小部分，并由清算銀行控制。其余的大量資金由誰來提供呢？由銀行的客戶來提供。實際上，銀行從客戶那里借來資金，并向他們提供貸款。

3.Shareholders of the banks, or their predecessors, provided the money to set up the banks and to enlarge them. This money is known as a bank’s capital.
3.銀行股東，或者是公司創(chuàng)始人，提供資金設立銀行，并擴大資金規(guī)模。這筆資金被稱為銀行的資本金。

4.When a bank makes a payment on a check, it cancels the check. That is, it marks the check with some kind of stamp so that the check cannot be used again. Postage stamps are also canceled to indicate that they have been used and cannot be used again.
4.當銀行兌付支票時要予以注銷，也就是說，銀行要用某種戳記蓋在支票上，支票就不會再使用了。郵票也要注銷，表明郵票已經用過，不能再用。

5.Advances are the amounts which the banks lend to their customers. They earn a higher rate of interest than the banks' other assets. Advances cannot be so conveniently and quickly turned into cash as most of a bank's other assets.
5.預付款是銀行貸給客戶的錢，所獲利息要高于銀行的其他資產。預付款和銀行的其他資產不一樣，不能夠那么方便、那么迅速地變現(xiàn).