一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (be;do/does)
1.概念：表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況、狀態(tài)和特征。經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。
標(biāo)志詞：often, sometimes, usually, always, occasionally等和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)如 in the evening, at night, twice a month, on Sundays, every day/week/month/year,等。
用法：
（1）.客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。
The earth runs around the sun.
（2）表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，（僅限于某些表示“來(lái)、去、動(dòng) 、停、開始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞 ）可以與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用 。常見的用法是：飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。

The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.

下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開車。

How often does this shuttle bus run?

這班車多久一趟？

（3）在由 when, after, before, until, till, as soon as,等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或由if, so/as long as, once, even if, although, whether…or…, in case, whatever, whenever, wherever 等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)（主將從現(xiàn)）。
When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.

等你完成這份報(bào)告的時(shí)候，我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個(gè)小時(shí)了。

二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
1.概念：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。
2.標(biāo)志詞：yesterday, last year, last night, the other day, just now, then, two days ago, in , at that time等。（有時(shí)句子中雖然不含表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，但根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可判斷動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)發(fā)生，而且與現(xiàn)在沒有任何聯(lián)系，也需用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。）
三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)（will / shall do。）
用法： going to do：打算去……，要……
This is just what I am going to say.

這正是我想說(shuō)的。

about to do：即將、正要，強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。
例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.

別擔(dān)心，我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。

3."be to do"：按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事。 (客觀安排，人為安排)
例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.
星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見到她。
5) 有些動(dòng)詞，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般進(jìn)行時(shí)，并且通常與一個(gè)表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，可以表示將來(lái)時(shí)。 例：My mother is coming to visit me next week.（我媽媽下周將來(lái)看我。）
四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(be doing)
概念：現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
標(biāo)志詞：now, at this moment, look, listen,
五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/ were doing)
概念：強(qiáng)調(diào)在將來(lái)的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。
例：Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.

別擔(dān)心，你不會(huì)認(rèn)不出她的。她到時(shí)會(huì)穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。

注意事項(xiàng)：由于本時(shí)態(tài)是由將來(lái)時(shí)和進(jìn)行時(shí)融合在一起的，所以關(guān)于本時(shí)態(tài)的注意事項(xiàng)，可參考"一般將來(lái)時(shí)"和"現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)"的有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。
六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have done)
概念：1.表示某動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，強(qiáng)調(diào)其對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。此時(shí)用短暫性動(dòng)詞。標(biāo)志詞：already, just, yet, never, before,
2. 表示某動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。此時(shí)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。標(biāo)志詞：lately, recently, in the past/last few days/years, since then, up to now, so far; since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)；for+時(shí)間段；

時(shí)態(tài)習(xí)題：

1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us.

2. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in.

3. Jim __________ (jump) on the bus as it __________ (move) away.

4. We __________ (test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off.

5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others ________________ (all, work) in the fields.

6. While mother ________ (put) Cathy to bed, the door bell ________ (ring).

7. As I __________ (walk) in the park, it __________ (begin) to rain.

8. Even when she ___________ (be) a child she ________________ (already, think) of becoming a ballerina (芭蕾舞演員).