一、意義上的區(qū)別
一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)只是單純地表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài), 和現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有任何聯(lián)系, 只著眼于過(guò)去.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系, 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果, 屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)的范疇. 試比較下列例句:

My father has bought a new car .

我爸爸買(mǎi)了一輛新車.

強(qiáng)調(diào)在過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作"買(mǎi)" , 對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是" 他有了一輛新車".
My father bought a new car last Sunday .

我爸爸上個(gè)周日買(mǎi)了一輛新車. 強(qiáng)調(diào)上個(gè)周日"買(mǎi)" 這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò), 與爸爸現(xiàn)在是否有車無(wú)關(guān). 也許這輛車是給別人的.

二、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別
一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)常用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如borrow, buy, come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become等?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，與時(shí)間段連用時(shí)動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如keep, have, live, teach, learn, work, study, know, be等。 如：
He joined the League three years ago .(join是短暫動(dòng)詞）
He has been in the League for three years.（be in表狀態(tài)，在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）
He has been a League member for three years. （是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)）
三、用法上的區(qū)別
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的用法表示一個(gè)過(guò)去發(fā)生并結(jié)束的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果和影響。這一類情況可以細(xì)致分為下述兩種情況。
1.表示開(kāi)始于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束。常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等連用。
Li Ming has just turned off the light.

李明剛剛把燈關(guān)上。（說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在燈關(guān)上了）

I've finished my homework now.

現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了。（說(shuō)明可以交作業(yè)或做別的了）

2..表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在仍殘留著。一般不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
I have lost my pen.

我把筆丟了。（說(shuō)明過(guò)去某時(shí)丟的，現(xiàn)在我還沒(méi)找到這支筆）

小測(cè)試：
1..——When _____ you _____ to learn to skate? ----Five years ago.
A. do; start B. will; start C. had; start D. did; start
2.——Hasn’t Alice come yet? ----No, and I _____ for her for about 2 hours.
A. wait B. waited C. have waited D. had waited
3．Her grandpa _______ in 2000. Though he ______ for about ten years, she still misses him. A. dies; has died B. died; has been dead C. died; was dead D. died; has died
答案：1.D 2.C 3.B