定語從句講解構(gòu)成
1.了解定語從句的構(gòu)成,首先應(yīng)了解一些相關(guān)的基本概念。
a.被修飾的名詞等成分通常叫做先行詞;b.連接先行詞和定語從句的詞為關(guān)系詞。
2.定語從句由關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系限定詞三類關(guān)系詞連接而成,這三種也將在定語從句講解中一一說明。
定語從句講解關(guān)系詞的具體用法
1.關(guān)系代詞 which,who,whom,that 和 as
2.關(guān)系代詞,顧名思義,必有代替對象。上述五個關(guān)系代詞各有其具體指代對象,在從句中作相應(yīng)的成分。此外,它們引導(dǎo)的定語從句和先行詞是形容詞與名詞的修飾關(guān)系。
例句1:
Pumas are large,cat-like animals( that/which are found in America.)
【譯文】美洲獅是體形似貓的大型動物,產(chǎn)于美洲。
【注解】關(guān)系代詞作從句主語,不可省略。
例句2:
The house (that/which we built last year) is very attractive.
【譯文】我們?nèi)ツ杲ㄔ斓姆孔雍苡懭讼矚g。
【注解】關(guān)系代詞作從句賓語,可省略。
例句3:
The novel (with/which most of you are familiar) has been adapted for the screen.
【譯文】你們大多數(shù)都很熟悉的那部小說已被改編搬上了熒屏。?
【注解】關(guān)系代詞直接置于介詞后作介詞賓語,此時不可被that替換,也不可省略。
例句4:
He was no longer the reckless young man( that/which he was two years ago).
【譯文】他不再是兩年前那個莽撞的小伙子了。?
【注解】關(guān)系代詞作從句表語,可省略;此外,先行詞the young man代表一種狀態(tài),屬物的范疇,不能用who來引導(dǎo)定語從句。
例句5:
Migrant workers(to whom much more attention has been paid) strongly desire that their wages should be duly paid.
【譯文】現(xiàn)在民工受到了社會更大的關(guān)注,他們強烈渴望自己的工資能夠及時發(fā)放。?
【注解】關(guān)系代詞直接置于介詞后作介詞賓語,此時不可被who替換,也不可省略。
例句6:
Such accommodations(as they could find) were generally expensive.
【譯文】他們能夠找到的這些住所費用往往比較昂貴。?
【注解】之所以選擇關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語從句,是因為前面有such之故。
例句7:
Such inns(as there were in the mountains) were generally poor.
【譯文】這些山區(qū)里的酒館條件往往比較糟糕。
【注解】之所以選擇關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語從句,是因為前面有such之故。
例句8:
This is the same mosquito(as bit you just now).
【譯文】這只蚊子和剛才咬你的那只是同一種蚊子。
【注解】之所以選擇關(guān)系代詞as引導(dǎo)定語從句,是因為前面有the same之故。
定語從句講解小結(jié):
(1)一般來講,which和that用來替代指物的先行詞,在定語從句中可作主語、賓語或表語 (that不能作介詞后面的賓語);who替代指人的先行詞,在定語從句中作主語或賓語(但不能 作介詞后面的賓語);whom是who的賓格形式,替代指人的先行詞,在定語從句中只能作賓 語;as作為關(guān)系代詞,只能用于一些特殊搭配(such... as/the same... as)。
(2)that既可指物也可指人,但在當(dāng)代英語中,多指物。
(3)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語或表語時,經(jīng)??墒÷裕?dāng)which,whom 緊跟在介詞后則不可省略。
例如:
Is that the man(with whom you are going to set up a law firm)?
Is that the man(who/whom)(you are going to set up a law firm with)?
(4)只能用that的情形
a.當(dāng)先行詞為 all,much,anything, something, nothing,everything, little,none 等不定代 詞,或先行詞被all,any,every等不定代詞修飾時,只能用that替代指物的先行詞。
例如:
①That'a all(that I ask for).
【譯文】這就是我要的一切。
②Is there anything(that I can do for you) ?
【譯文】我可以為您效勞嗎?
③Every tearo(that intends to participate in the contest) is to submit a fee of 2000.
【譯文】每一個意欲參加比賽的隊伍都應(yīng)該繳納兩千元的費用。
b.先行詞被形容詞最髙級修飾,或被the only,the first,the last,the next,the very等修飾時,只能用that替代指物的先行詞。
例如:
①He eats the finest food(that is available).
【譯文】他吃的是所提供的最精美的食物。
②The first case of bird flu( that was reported in Thailand) captured the attention of officials with WHO.
【譯文】泰閏報道的第一例禽流感引起了世界衛(wèi)生組織官員們的注意。
③This is the very book(that I have been hunting for a long time).
【譯文】這就是我長期以來一直尋找的那本書。
c.先行詞既包括人,又包括物時。
例如:
①He is always talking brilliantly of the book and author(that interested him)
【譯文】他對那本書及其作者很感興趣,總是興高采烈地談?wù)撝麄儭?/div>
② We were deeply impressed by the school and its teachers (that we had visited there).
【譯文】我們訪問的學(xué)校和老師給我們留下了深刻的印象。
(5)只能用which的情形
a.用于介詞之后(可參見A例句3)。
b.用于非限制定語從句中。
以上是對于定語從句講解中關(guān)系代詞的獨立講解,更多的關(guān)于定語從句講解知識將會陸續(xù)更新。