之前英語(yǔ)君為大家整理了美式英語(yǔ)和英式英語(yǔ)的用詞上的區(qū)別（具體戳：史上最全！英美式英語(yǔ)單詞對(duì)照表：吐血整理！），今天英語(yǔ)君給大家整理了一個(gè)更加全面具體的美式英語(yǔ)和英式英語(yǔ)的區(qū)別，一起學(xué)起來(lái)~

上面的視頻，我給大家解讀一下：

1.Accent
口音

It’s difficult to make clear distinctions between US and UK accents when there is such a wide variety of accents within both the US and UK. A Texan and a New Yorker are both Americans, but have very different accents. The same goes for British accents in London, Manchester and Glasgow.
要區(qū)別清楚美式英語(yǔ)和英式英語(yǔ)是很困難的，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)和英國(guó)都各自有著各式各樣的口音。德克薩斯人和紐約人都是美國(guó)人，但是他們的口音也是相當(dāng)不同的。對(duì)于英式口音也一樣，在倫敦、曼徹斯特和格拉斯哥的口音也是不一樣的。

However, some very general distinctions can be made. Americans usually pronounce every “r” in a word, while the British tend to only pronounce the “r” when it’s the first letter of a word.
然而，（美式英語(yǔ)和英式英語(yǔ)）也有一些一般的區(qū)別。美國(guó)人會(huì)讀出單詞里的每個(gè)“r”音，而英國(guó)人則傾向于只發(fā)單詞中的第一個(gè)“r”音。

下面來(lái)看一下更加具象化的二者差異：

2.Spelling
拼寫(xiě)

?含義 ?美式英語(yǔ) ?英式英語(yǔ)
?顏色 ?color ?colour
?行為，態(tài)度 ?behavior ?behaviour
?劇院 ?theater ?theatre
?米，公尺 ?meter ?metre
?組織 ?organize ?organise
?旅行（過(guò)去式） ?traveled ?travelled

3.Vocabulary
詞匯

含義 美式英語(yǔ) 英式英語(yǔ)
?公寓 ?apartment ?flat
?大學(xué) ?college ?university
?劇院 ?theater ?theatre
?假期，休假 ?vacation ?holiday
?炸馬鈴薯片 ?chips ?crisps
?炸薯?xiàng)l ?(french) fries ?chips
?電影院 ?the movies ?the cinema
?軟飲料 ?soda / pop / coke / soft drink ?soft drink / fizzy drink
?軟運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋 ?sneakers / tennis shoes ?trainers
?針織套衫 ?sweater ?jumper
?郵箱 ?mailbox ?postbox
?創(chuàng)可貼，石膏 ?band-aid ?plaster
?藥店 ?drugstore ?chemist’s
?足球 ?soccer ?football
?餅干 ?cookie ?biscuit

4.Grammar
語(yǔ)法

Prepositions
介詞

The differences below are only a general rule. American speech has influenced Britain via pop culture, and vice versa. Therefore, some prepositional differences are not as pronounced as they once were.
下面舉例的區(qū)別只是一般規(guī)則。美國(guó)人的講話方式通過(guò)流行文化影響到了英式英語(yǔ)，反之亦然。因此，有些介詞上的區(qū)別并不是像它們?cè)?jīng)那樣明顯了。

?中文 ?美式英語(yǔ) ?英式英語(yǔ)
?這周末我要去參加一個(gè)派對(duì)。 ?I’m going to a party on the weekend. ?I’m going to a party at the weekend.
?你圣誕節(jié)要做什么呢？ ?What are you doing on Christmas? ?What are you doing at Christmas?
?從周一到周五。 ?Monday through Friday. ?Monday to Friday.
?這跟其他人不一樣。 ?It’s different from/than the others. ?It’s different from/to the others.

5.Past Simple vs Present Perfect
一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Americans tend to use the past simple when describing something that has recently occurred, while people in the UK are more likely to use the present perfect.
美國(guó)人傾向于使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)去描述剛剛發(fā)生的事情，而英國(guó)人則更可能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來(lái)描述過(guò)去剛剛發(fā)生的事情。

?中文 ?美式英語(yǔ) ?英式英語(yǔ)
?我吃太多了。 ?I ate too much. ?I’ve eaten too much.
?我去過(guò)商店了。 ?I went to the store. ?I’ve been to the shop.
?從周一到周五。 ?Monday through Friday. ?Monday to Friday.
?你拿到報(bào)紙了嗎？ ?Did you get the newspaper? ?Have you got the newspaper?

6.The past participle of get
Get的過(guò)去分詞區(qū)別

In the UK, “gotten” as the past participle of “get” is considered archaic and was abandoned long ago in favor of “got” .However, in the US people still use “gotten” as the past participle.
在英國(guó)，用“gotten”作為“get”的過(guò)去分詞形式是被認(rèn)為很老派的，并且在很久之前就使用“got”來(lái)取代“gotten”了。然而，在美國(guó)，人們?nèi)匀皇褂谩癵otten”做為“get”的過(guò)去分詞。

?中文 ?美式英語(yǔ) ?英式英語(yǔ)
?得到 ?get — got — gotten ?get — got — got
?我還沒(méi)有收到關(guān)于他的消息。 ?I haven’t gotten any news about him. ?I’ve not got any news about him.

7.Collective nouns: singular or plural?
集合名詞：?jiǎn)螖?shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)？

In British English, a collective noun (like committee, government, team, etc.) can be either singular or plural, but more often tends toward plural, emphasizing the members of the group. Collective nouns in the US, by comparison, are always singular, emphasizing the group as one whole entity.
在英式英語(yǔ)中，集合名詞（比如committee, government, team等等）作為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)都是可以的，不過(guò)更多的情況下往往是傾向于復(fù)數(shù)，用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)小組里的成員們。相比之下，在美國(guó)，集合名詞總是單數(shù)形式，強(qiáng)調(diào)群體作為一個(gè)整體。

?中文 ?美式英語(yǔ) ?英式英語(yǔ)
?政府在這次危機(jī)期間做了它能做的一切。 ?The government is doing everything it can during this crisis. ?The government are doing everything they can during this crisis.
?我的隊(duì)伍贏了。 ?My team is winning. ?My team are winning.

8.Regular or irregular verbs?
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞

This is a subtle difference that can be easily overlooked in speech, but is much more apparent in written form. Many verbs that are irregular in the preterite in Britain (leapt, dreamt, burnt, learnt) have been made regular in America (leaped, dreamed, burned, learned).
在口語(yǔ)中，規(guī)則動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的微妙區(qū)別是很容易被忽視的，不過(guò)在書(shū)面形式中會(huì)比較明顯。許多動(dòng)詞在英國(guó)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中是不規(guī)則的（leapt, dreamt, burnt, learnt），到了美國(guó)就是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞了（leaped, dreamed, burned, learned）。

作為全球最常講的第二語(yǔ)言，英語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是一個(gè)很靈活的語(yǔ)言。畢竟，它不僅僅是在只在美國(guó)和英國(guó)兩個(gè)國(guó)家使用的。所以，不論你使用的是美式英語(yǔ)還是英式英語(yǔ)，都不會(huì)妨礙你跟其他人進(jìn)行交流。

聲明：本雙語(yǔ)文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語(yǔ)原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。