本文選自吳應(yīng)時(shí)主編的《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀真題精讀——晨讀伴侶》。本書(shū)對(duì)歷年國(guó)家大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試（CET-6）的仔細(xì)閱讀部分進(jìn)行了詳盡而精準(zhǔn)的分析、翻譯和注釋，對(duì)四六級(jí)考生有著事半功倍的效果，對(duì)提升整體英語(yǔ)能力也很有幫助。

學(xué)習(xí)導(dǎo)讀：

利潤(rùn)能讓人變得瘋狂起來(lái)，對(duì)于法制觀念不強(qiáng)的人來(lái)說(shuō)猶是。四六級(jí)考試的價(jià)值觀可以看出來(lái)仍舊是社會(huì)主義的核心觀念，即使其所選用的文章來(lái)自資本主義的西方國(guó)家。其實(shí)在社會(huì)學(xué)界，對(duì)現(xiàn)代性進(jìn)行反思、對(duì)資本主義進(jìn)行批判反倒成為了美國(guó)社會(huì)學(xué)的重要研究領(lǐng)域。不是說(shuō)資本主義不好，而是在肯定市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的同時(shí)，對(duì)其所帶來(lái)的負(fù)面產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行深刻反思。喜歡思考的同學(xué)不妨閱讀下這兩本書(shū)：《單向度的人（馬爾庫(kù)塞）》和《現(xiàn)代性的后果（安東尼·吉登斯）》。

Amitai Etzioni is [not] surprised [by the latest headings about scheming?1corporate crooks]. [As a visiting professor at the Harvard Business School in 1989], he ended his work [there] (disgusted?2???with his students’ overwhelming?3?lust?4?for money). “They’re taught that profit is all (that matters)”, he says. “Many schools don’t [even] offer ethics courses [at all].”
阿米泰·伊茲歐尼對(duì)最近關(guān)于公司騙子的報(bào)道一點(diǎn)都不意外。他在1989年擔(dān)任哈佛商學(xué)院的客座教授，后來(lái)由于厭惡自己的學(xué)生對(duì)金錢(qián)的狂熱貪欲而結(jié)束教職?！八麄兘邮苓@樣的教育：利潤(rùn)至高無(wú)上。”他說(shuō)，“很多學(xué)校甚至根本就沒(méi)有開(kāi)設(shè)倫理學(xué)課程?！?/div>

注：1. scheme n. 方案, 圖謀, 體制

v. 計(jì)劃; 策劃, 密謀; 設(shè)計(jì); 擬訂計(jì)劃; 搞陰謀；【同】contrive, connive, plan

“That's the only kind of scheme in which it would be practical,” added Mr Jones.
“這將是唯一具有可操作性的方案”，瓊斯先生補(bǔ)充道。

[冷知識(shí)：這句話選自BBC英國(guó)廣播公司，British English通常在先生、女士后面略去小點(diǎn)“.”，所以句中是Mr Jones，如果是American English則習(xí)慣于用Mr. Jones來(lái)表達(dá)。][選自：BBC: RELATED BBC SITES]

2. disgust n. 厭惡; 嫌惡

v. 使作嘔。例：

He seemed to have stirred up in his mind a disgust.
在他心里，似乎激起了一股怨恨。

He was invited to Washington to advise on the poverty program, but left in disgust.
他被邀請(qǐng)到華盛頓就扶貧項(xiàng)目發(fā)表意見(jiàn)，但失望而歸。

[選自：NEWYORKER: Books as Bombs]

3. overwhelm v. 戰(zhàn)勝; 壓倒; 征服; 覆蓋。例：

If I cannot overwhelm with my quality, I will overwhelm with my quantity.
如果我不能以質(zhì)量壓倒，我就一定要以數(shù)量壓倒。

It is written in long and run-on sentences that overwhelm the sense of order and logic.
寫(xiě)作中對(duì)不另起一段的長(zhǎng)句的追求蓋過(guò)了句子的意思通順和邏輯連貫。

[選自：CNN: VIEWS FROM THE FRINGE]

4. lust n. 貪欲, 色欲, 欲望 v. 貪求，渴望; lust for sth. 貪戀…

The lust of men must not be overdone.
人們的欲望不該過(guò)分。

Their gratitude for the normalcy of their own marriages was almost like an awkward lust.
對(duì)駐外工作的人們來(lái)說(shuō)，他們只求平凡的婚姻生活都幾乎是奢望。

[選自：NEWYORKER: The Repatriates]

Etzioni expressed his frustration?1?(about the interests) (of his graduate students). “[By and large], I [clearly] had not found a way [to help classes full of MBAs see] that there is more to life than money, power, fame and self-interest,”?2?he wrote [at the time]. [Today] he [still] takes the blame [for not educating these “business-leaders-to-be].” “I [really] feel [like I failed them,]” he says. “[If I was a better teacher] maybe I could have reached them.”
伊茲歐尼在談到他的研究生的興趣時(shí)顯出失望的神色。“總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我顯然還沒(méi)有找到方法來(lái)幫助全是MBA學(xué)生的班級(jí)意識(shí)到生活不僅僅是金錢(qián)、權(quán)力、名譽(yù)和自我利益，”他那時(shí)曾寫(xiě)道。如今，他還在為沒(méi)能教育好這些“未來(lái)的商界精英”而自責(zé)。“我真的覺(jué)得是我辜負(fù)了他們?！彼f(shuō)，“如果我是個(gè)更好的老師，或許就能打動(dòng)他們了?！?/div>

注：1. frustration n. 挫敗; 受挫; 挫折。例：

Frustration predisposes him to look on the dark side of things.
挫折使他遇事只看其陰暗面。

但該詞更重要的是了解其動(dòng)詞frustrate的用法，使某人失望、受挫。例：

At the same time, the report found that cell phones can frustrate users.
當(dāng)時(shí)，該報(bào)道發(fā)現(xiàn)手機(jī)會(huì)讓用戶（手機(jī)的使用者）受挫。

[選自：CNN: How Americans really use cell phones]

2. 該句中that there is … self-interest劃分成了賓語(yǔ)，實(shí)質(zhì)上這句話只是作目的狀語(yǔ)to help classes full of MBAs see里面see這個(gè)動(dòng)作的賓語(yǔ)。

Etzioni was a respected ethics?1???expert [when he arrived [at Harvard].] He hoped his work (at the university) would give him insight?2?[into how questions of morality?3?could be applied [to places] (where self-interest flourished?4].) What he found wasn’t encouraging. Those would-be executives had, says Etzioni, little interest [in concept] (of ethics and morality) [in the boardroom] – and their professor was met [with blank?5?stares?6??] [when he urged his students [to see business in new and different ways].]
初到哈佛時(shí)，伊茲歐尼是位倍受尊敬的倫理學(xué)專家。他期望在大學(xué)的工作可以使他洞察到道德問(wèn)題該如何在私欲膨脹的領(lǐng)域得以應(yīng)用。然而，他的發(fā)現(xiàn)并不令人振奮。他說(shuō)，這些未來(lái)的管理者對(duì)在會(huì)議室中培訓(xùn)倫理和道德的概念幾乎提不起什么興趣——而當(dāng)他督促他們要以全新的、不同的角度看待商業(yè)行為時(shí)，他們卻用困惑不解的眼光盯著他。

注：1. ethics n. 倫理學(xué), 道德學(xué); 倫理觀; 倫理學(xué)著作; 道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！九伞縠thical adj. 倫理的，民族的。例：

Aristotle’s ethics is the ethics of self-realization.
亞里士多德的倫理學(xué)是自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的倫理學(xué)。

2. insight n. 洞察力, 見(jiàn)識(shí)；習(xí)慣用語(yǔ):

gain (have) an insight into 了解, 熟悉; 看透, 識(shí)破

They engage in ethics discussions with a great deal of commitment and insight, even relief.
他們懷著大量的投入、洞察甚至是慰藉投入到關(guān)于倫理學(xué)的討論中。

[選自：CNN: Telling right from wrong starts at the top]

3. morality n. 道德, 品行, 教訓(xùn)。例：

Ethics is the study of morality. It is a systematic attempt to make sense of morality.
倫理是關(guān)于道德的一門(mén)學(xué)問(wèn)，將對(duì)道德的理解系統(tǒng)化。

4. flourish n. 茂盛; 華飾; 興旺 v. 繁榮; 活躍; 茂盛; 揮舞; 裝飾; 炫耀, 夸耀。例：

He showed us his new design with much flourish.
他炫耀地向我們展示他的新設(shè)計(jì)。

The extra nutrients fed these tiny organisms, causing them to flourish in the sunny surface waters.
對(duì)這些微小有機(jī)物喂以額外的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，使其在陽(yáng)光下的水面上活躍生長(zhǎng)。

[選自：MSN: Ancient Ocean 'Dead Zone' Delayed Life After Mass Extinction]

5. blank n. 空白, 空白處; 空虛; 空白表格; 空彈

adj. 空白的; 無(wú)表情的, 茫然的; 空的, 無(wú)內(nèi)容的; 無(wú)變化的, 單調(diào)的

v. 使無(wú)效, 封鎖, 取消; 消失; 變得模糊, 成為空白。文中作形容詞。

6. stare n. 凝視, 注視; 瞪眼

v. 盯, 凝視; 豎立; 顯眼, 顯見(jiàn); 盯, 注視, 凝視; 目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看。例：

Having heard what I said, James looked at me with cold stare.
聽(tīng)了我講的話以后，詹姆斯冷然地瞪著我。

Believe me, people stare in jealousy when I do this and ask about it.
信我吧，當(dāng)我在行動(dòng)和詢問(wèn)時(shí)，人們只會(huì)睜大眼睛滿是嫉妒。

[選自：FORBES: Best Gear for the Traveling Golfer]

Etzioni sees the experience [at Harvard] and says there’s much about business schools (that he’d like to change.) “A lot of the faculty?1teaching business are bad news themselves,” Etzioni says. [From offering classes that teach students how to legally manipulate contracts, to reinforcing?2?the notion of profit over community interests], Etzioni has seen a lot (that’s left him .) And [because of what he’s seen taught in business schools], he’s [not] surprised [by the latest rash of corporate scandals?3]. “[In many ways] things have got a lot worse [at business schools], I suspect.” Says Etzioni.
伊茲歐尼認(rèn)為在哈佛商學(xué)院的經(jīng)歷令他大開(kāi)眼界，并說(shuō)商學(xué)院里有很多他想改變的地方?！昂芏嘟搪殕T工教授商務(wù)課程本身就是壞消息了，”他說(shuō)。從開(kāi)設(shè)課程教學(xué)生如何合法地篡改合同，到強(qiáng)化“利潤(rùn)高于公共利益”的觀念，伊茲歐尼已見(jiàn)到很多使他搖頭興嘆的例子。而且由于他在商學(xué)院見(jiàn)證了所教授的課程，他對(duì)最近爆發(fā)的種種公司丑聞并不感到意外?！拔覒岩缮虒W(xué)院里的情況在很多方面還要糟得多，”他說(shuō)。

注：1. faculty n. 才能, 全體教員, 能力, 學(xué)系。例：

He has the faculty of [或者a faculty for] doing two things at once.
他有一心二用的能力。

The site allows users to search registered students, faculty and staff at their college.
該網(wǎng)站允許用戶搜索他們學(xué)院注冊(cè)的學(xué)生、老師以及教工。

[選自：CNN: Daring to date across party lines]

2. reinforce v. 增援, 加強(qiáng); 加固; 增加, 補(bǔ)充; 強(qiáng)化, 加深。例：

It would reinforce the tendency to use the UN to ratify the gains of surprise attack.
這會(huì)助長(zhǎng)利用聯(lián)合國(guó)使通過(guò)突然襲擊的辦法奪占的領(lǐng)土得到認(rèn)可的傾向。

We must reinforce planning and management capacities for the education sector as a whole.
我們必須加強(qiáng)教育部門(mén)整體的規(guī)劃和管理職能。

[選自：UNESCO: Education]

3. scandal n. 丑聞, 丑事; 流言蜚語(yǔ), 誹謗; 恥辱, 丟臉; 公憤, 反感。例：

A crime or scandal brings much notoriety to those involved in it.
罪行或丑聞常使有牽連的人聲名狼藉。

In a statement soon afterward, he offers his regrets and acknowledges some responsibility for the scandal.
接下來(lái)沒(méi)多久，在一份聲明中，喬·帕特諾表達(dá)了他的歉意，以及表達(dá)對(duì)部分（性侵幼童）丑聞負(fù)責(zé)。

[選自：NPR: How A Scandal Brought Down Joe Paterno]

Etzioni is [still] teaching the sociology?1???(of right and wrong) and [still] calling for ethical business leadership. “People (with poor motives) will [always] exist,” he says. “[Sometimes] environments constrain?2those people and [sometimes] environments give those people opportunity.” Etzioni says the booming?3?economy (of the last decade) enabled those individuals [with poor motives] [to get rich before getting in trouble]. His hope [now]: that the cries (for reform) will provide more fertile?4??soil [for his long-standing messages about business ethics].
伊茲歐尼現(xiàn)在仍然在教授明辨是非的社會(huì)學(xué)，而且仍在呼吁合乎道德的商業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。“永遠(yuǎn)都會(huì)有動(dòng)機(jī)不純的人存在，”他說(shuō)。“有時(shí)環(huán)境會(huì)約束他們，有時(shí)會(huì)給他們提供機(jī)會(huì)。”伊茲歐尼說(shuō)，過(guò)去十年迅猛發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟(jì)使一些動(dòng)機(jī)不良的人能夠在遭殃之前變富。他現(xiàn)在希望：對(duì)改革的呼聲將給他長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持的商業(yè)道德的想法提供更加肥沃的土壤。

注：1. sociology n. 社會(huì)學(xué)。社會(huì)學(xué)家是sociologist，社會(huì)學(xué)的sociological。另外，可以順便掌握跟社會(huì)學(xué)不分家的人類學(xué)anthropology。

2. constrain v. 強(qiáng)迫; 拘束; 抑制。該詞很重要，務(wù)必理解，而且在寫(xiě)作中用處很廣。例：

Given such a situation, governments have only two options: to address the fundamental policy issues or to further constrain growth.
如遇這樣一種局勢(shì),政府只有兩條路可走:不是去解決有關(guān)根本政策問(wèn)題,就是限制經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)。

“This will continue to constrain healthcare demand even as the economy recovers, ” the report said.
報(bào)告指：“即便經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇，這一政策也會(huì)繼續(xù)限制醫(yī)療需求?！?/div>

[選自：MSN: Higher health-care costs curb use, says report]

3. boom n. 隆隆聲; 嗡嗡聲; 澎湃聲; 景氣

v. 發(fā)出隆隆聲; 激增, 暴漲; 聲音隆隆而過(guò); 迅速發(fā)展, 興旺; 用隆隆聲表達(dá); 使興旺; 使迅速發(fā)展; 使出名。例：

During the housing boom, builders were selling more than 1.2 million homes per year.
在房地產(chǎn)暴漲的時(shí)期，開(kāi)發(fā)商每年售出了一百二十萬(wàn)套房子。

[選自：WSJ: States, IRS to Join Probe of Home-Builder Pay Practices]

4. fertile adj. 肥沃的, 能生產(chǎn)的, 生產(chǎn)多的。例：

A fertile and needful trade flowed between our two countries.
在我們兩國(guó)之間進(jìn)行著繁榮和互惠互利的貿(mào)易。

The Silk Route was also fertile ground for traveling Buddhist monks in search of converts.
絲綢之路對(duì)于追求信仰而沿路朝圣的佛教徒來(lái)說(shuō)也是沃土。
[絲綢之路也可說(shuō)成silk road，不過(guò)最好還是說(shuō)route，畢竟這個(gè)路是線路，而不是道路。]

[選自：CNN: Afghanistan: Treasure chest of early Asian culture]