學(xué)問與趣味Learning and Personal Inclination

梁實(shí)秋 Liang Shiqiu

| 譯文摘自張培基《英譯中國(guó)散文選一》

一個(gè)有中上天資的人，對(duì)于普通的基本的文理科目，都同樣的有學(xué)習(xí)的能力，絕不會(huì)本能的長(zhǎng)于此而拙于彼。只有懶惰與任性，才能使一個(gè)人自甘暴棄的在“趣味”的掩護(hù)之下敗退。由小學(xué)到中學(xué)，所修習(xí)的無非是一些普通的基本知識(shí)。就是大學(xué)四年，所授課業(yè) 也還是相當(dāng)粗淺的學(xué)識(shí)。
People with an average natural gift are equally capable of mastering the basics of liberal arts and natural science. They are never predetermined by nature to be good in one subject and poor in another. It is laziness and waywardness, however, that causes one to give himself up as hopeless and back down on the pretext of "no interest". Primary and secondary school will impart to you only some rudiments of knowledge .Even what you learn during the four years of university will be something quite superficial too.

要點(diǎn)：
1.“對(duì)于…有同樣的能力”=be equally capable of doing ,其原型是be capable of doing
2，“本能的”文中譯為predominated by nature,同義詞有instinctive, innate, inborn, congenital
3,” 長(zhǎng)于此而拙于彼”= be good in one subject and poor in another,可以和上文的“而語文程度不足以達(dá)意”一起記
4，“在’趣味’的掩護(hù)之下敗退”意即“借口‘缺乏趣味’而放棄不干”，故譯為back down on the pretext of "no interest"，其中back down意為“打退堂鼓，放棄，讓步”
5，rudiment意為“基本原理，基礎(chǔ)”此外還有許多詞可表“基本的”如：basic, fundamental

綜述：本段還是有一些如“長(zhǎng)于此而拙于彼“之類的具有鮮明漢語特色的詞出現(xiàn)，翻譯時(shí)注意抓本質(zhì)含義~

世人常稱大學(xué)為“最高學(xué)府”，這名稱易滋誤解，好像過此 以上即無學(xué)問可言。大學(xué)的研究所才是初步研究學(xué)問的所在，在這里作學(xué)問也只能算 是粗涉藩籬，注重的是研究學(xué)問的方法與實(shí)習(xí)。學(xué)無止境，一生的時(shí)間都嫌太短,所以古人皓首窮經(jīng)，頭發(fā)白了還是在繼續(xù)研究，不過在這樣的研究中確是有濃厚的趣味。
A university has often been misleadingly referred to as "the highest seat of learning", which sounds as if there were no more learning to speak of beyond it. The research institute of a university, however, is the place for preliminary scholarship. But even there you get only the first taste of learning and the emphasis is on research methodology and practice. Art is long, life is short. That is why some of our ancients continued to study even when they were hoary.

要點(diǎn)：
1，“世人常稱大學(xué)為‘最高學(xué)府’，這名稱易滋誤解”譯為”大學(xué)經(jīng)常被誤稱為‘最高學(xué)府’“=本句為了突出新信息而采用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)~譯為A university has often been misleadingly referred to as "the highest seat of learning"
2，“無…可言“可用no…to speak of表示，如在舊社會(huì)，該城毫無工業(yè)可言，那時(shí)他還是孩子。 In the old days, when he was a child, the city had no industry to speak of.
3，“是…所在“=be the place for
4, 初涉藩籬，意譯為get only the first taste of learning
5，“學(xué)無止境，一生的時(shí)間都嫌太短“譯為Art is long, life is short.其中，art
作“學(xué)問，知識(shí)“解=learning, scholarship.根據(jù)《張培基散文選》的注釋，art is long,一句見于美國(guó)十九世紀(jì)詩(shī)人Longfellow(郎費(fèi)羅)的名著A Psalm of Life（人生禮贊）,今借用之~
6，“皓首窮經(jīng)” 指一直到年老頭白之時(shí)還在深入鉆研經(jīng)書和古籍。同下文“頭發(fā)白了還是在繼續(xù)研究”意思重復(fù)，因此只取一個(gè)來譯~

綜述：本段句式不難，重點(diǎn)在于積累表達(dá)

在初學(xué)的階段，由小學(xué)至大學(xué)，我們與其倡言趣味，不如偏重紀(jì)律。一個(gè)合理編列的課程表，猶如一個(gè)營(yíng)養(yǎng)均衡的食譜，里面各個(gè)項(xiàng)目都是有益而必需的，不可偏廢，不可再有選擇。所謂選修科目也只是在某一項(xiàng)目范圍內(nèi)略揀選余地而已。
During the preliminary stage of learning, from primary school to college, it is better to advocate discipline than interest. A properly arranged school curriculum, like a cookbook for a nutritionally well-balanced food, must include all the useful and indispensable courses-courses which are equally important and obligatory. The so-called electives mean only some little option within the scope of a certain item.

要點(diǎn)：
1，“與其…不如…”通常是用more(或比較級(jí)) 。。。than來表示的，如：So my point is that some of these groups are actually more like an angel groups than a venture capital fund.（我認(rèn)為，這些團(tuán)體與其說是風(fēng)險(xiǎn)資本基金，不如說實(shí)際上仍是天使團(tuán)體。）
此外，not so much as,和rather than 也通常用來表示此意，如：
① I think you'd call it a lecture rather than a talk.（我認(rèn)為，與其說這是交談，不如說是演講。）
② It was not so much a rebirth as a recovery of an older culture.（與其說它是古代文化的再生，倒不如說是它的再現(xiàn)。）
注意?。。。?！不論是more than,還是rather than,not so much as,在翻譯時(shí)都要先翻than或as后的內(nèi)容！
2，properly arranged和well-balanced，都是英語復(fù)合詞中“副詞+過分“的結(jié)構(gòu)，常見的相同結(jié)構(gòu)的詞有：well known著名的，而equally important 則是”副詞+形容詞“結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)合詞，復(fù)合詞的使用可以使行文更加生動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)潔

綜述：掌握“與其說…到不如說“的表達(dá)~

一個(gè)受過良好教育的人，猶如一個(gè)科班出身的戲劇演員，在坐科的時(shí)候他是要服從嚴(yán)格紀(jì)律的，唱工作工武把子都要認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)，各種角色的戲都要完全諳通，學(xué)成之后才能各按其趣味而單獨(dú)發(fā)展其所長(zhǎng)。
A well-educated person is like a professionally trained Peking opera singer. While undergoing the training, he must observe a most exact discipline. He must pay equal attention to singing, acting, and acrobatic skills, and learn to play different roles. It is not until he has finished the all-around training that he begins to develop his own specialty according to his personal disposition.

要點(diǎn)：
1，“科班出身“=”經(jīng)過專業(yè)訓(xùn)練的“，依舊是”副詞+過去分詞“的形式
2，“嚴(yán)格紀(jì)律“譯為a most exact discipline,其中a most意為”非常“，而exact除了有”精確的“的意思，還有”嚴(yán)格的“意思哦
3，“唱工作工武把子“中的”武把子“意為”表演武打的人“此處作”武打技能“譯為acrobatic skills
4，deposition=性情性格,=character, temper ,personality

綜述：注意以上重點(diǎn)詞用法~

學(xué)問要有根底，根底要打得平正堅(jiān)實(shí)，以后永遠(yuǎn)受用。初學(xué)階段的科目之最重要莫過于語文與數(shù)學(xué)。語文是閱讀達(dá)意的工具，國(guó)文不通便很難表達(dá)自己，外國(guó)文不通便很難吸取外來的新知。數(shù)學(xué)是思想條理之最好的訓(xùn)練。其他科目也各有各的用處，其重要性很難強(qiáng)分軒輊，例如體育，從另一方面看也是重要得無以復(fù)加。
Laying a solid foundation for learning will be of great lifelong benefit to you. Of all the school subjects during the preliminary stage of learning, languages and mathematics are the most important. Languages serve as a tool for reading and communication. Without a good knowledge of Chinese, you will find it difficult to express yourself. Without a good knowledge of a foreign language, you will find it difficult to absorb new knowledge from abroad. Mathematics makes for logic thinking. Other subjects also have their respective uses. It is hard to say which is more important. Physical education, for example, is also extremely important from another point of view.

要點(diǎn)：
1，“語文是閱讀達(dá)意的工具”中的“是”譯為serve as意為“充當(dāng)，擔(dān)任”，后面主要街“工具，手段等詞“這個(gè)表達(dá)在翻譯中也是灰常常見，如：貿(mào)易，應(yīng)當(dāng)是互相滿足對(duì)方的需要，不應(yīng)當(dāng)成為經(jīng)濟(jì)掠奪的一種手段。
Trade should be an exchange to meet each others needs. It should not serve as a means of economic plunder.
此外act as,有時(shí)也可用來表示“是“~
2， make for意為“有利于，對(duì)…有益，擁護(hù)“
3， “其重要性很難強(qiáng)分軒輊“中”難分軒輊“意為”不分伯仲，難以分出高下“故意譯為It is hard to say which is more important.
4， “重要得無以復(fù)加“也采用了意譯的手法，譯為extremely important

綜述：本段注意之前不常見的make for, 以及serve as的用法~

總之，我們?cè)谇髮W(xué)的時(shí)代，應(yīng)該暫且把趣味放在一邊，耐著性子接受教育的紀(jì)律，把自己鍛煉成為堅(jiān)實(shí)的材料。學(xué)問的趣味，留在將來慢慢享受一點(diǎn)也不遲。
In short, while in school, we should temporarily put aside our personal liking and patiently observe school discipline so that we may temper ourselves and become solid stuff. Don't hurry, there will be a time for you to find relish in learning in the days to come.

要點(diǎn)：
1，本文中的“趣味“意即”喜愛，個(gè)人興趣“譯文中譯為liking,此外還有inclination ,fondness,也是表達(dá)此類含義的”高級(jí)用詞“哦
2，temper作動(dòng)詞意為“鍛煉，使緩和“，如：temper oneself in a grassroots unit
下基層鍛煉
3，“留在將來慢慢享受一點(diǎn)也不遲“譯為there will be a time for you to find relish in learning in the days to come.反話正說，將”不遲…”轉(zhuǎn)譯為“還有時(shí)間做某事”，用肯定句加強(qiáng)了語氣~
4,in the days to come之前也見到過，表示“將來“，這個(gè)用法很常見哦

綜述：本段句式上無難點(diǎn)，注意liking, relish, temper等重點(diǎn)詞用法即可~

聲明：本雙語文章的中文評(píng)析系滬江英語原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。中文評(píng)析僅代表作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。