步驟一:形容詞性的詞置于句首或介詞短語(yǔ)和方位副詞置于句首,后緊跟系動(dòng)詞可判定為倒裝。
解析:形容詞性的詞在句中作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),而置于句首說明不是做后置定語(yǔ),后緊跟系動(dòng)詞也說明不做前置定語(yǔ),因此只能是充當(dāng)表語(yǔ):介詞短語(yǔ)和方位副詞在句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),后緊跟系動(dòng)詞說明只能充當(dāng)表語(yǔ);介詞短語(yǔ)和方位副詞在句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),后緊跟動(dòng)詞說明只能充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。
步驟二:V.-ing 開頭的句子,后緊跟復(fù)數(shù)系動(dòng)詞可判定為倒裝。
解析:V.-ing 開頭時(shí),通過詞本身很難判斷出其詞性為形容詞或動(dòng)名詞,因此只能通過系動(dòng)詞來判定。如果V.-ing 為動(dòng)名詞,那么系動(dòng)詞就應(yīng)該是單數(shù),所以如果出現(xiàn)的是復(fù)數(shù)系動(dòng)詞的話,可以判定為倒裝。
步驟三:V.-ing 開頭的句子,后緊跟單數(shù)系動(dòng)詞,后接名詞性的詞可以判定為倒裝。
解析:V.-ing 開頭時(shí),系動(dòng)詞為單數(shù),但如果后面是名詞性的詞,則可能是倒裝也可能不是倒裝,比如:
Playing basketball is an interesting game.(不是倒裝)
Playing basketball is my cousin who is from the New York(倒裝)
如果我們把第一個(gè)句子倒裝一下也不會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義,符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,因此我們就把單數(shù)系動(dòng)詞加名詞性的詞統(tǒng)統(tǒng)判定為倒裝。
示例:
例1:Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals , sometimes easily recognizable as such , often distorted into gorgeous , weird , but always functional shapes .
Surrounding開頭,后接復(fù)數(shù)系動(dòng)詞可以判定為倒裝;正常語(yǔ)序?yàn)椋篢hree sepals and three petals , sometimes easily recognizable are surrounding the column.這里倒裝的目的是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),使對(duì)于主語(yǔ)的修飾更加充分。
譯文:三個(gè)瓣片和三個(gè)萼片有時(shí)候是有時(shí)候是這樣的容易被認(rèn)出來,但是經(jīng)常被扭曲成了美麗的、奇怪的,但經(jīng)常是有用的一些形狀,這些瓣片和萼片就圍繞著這個(gè)柱子展開。
例2:Most important , perhaps , was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity the technique and composition consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist , Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the Hudson River 為主語(yǔ)從句,在翻譯的時(shí)候應(yīng)先翻譯冗長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)從句。
譯文:他們幾乎忠誠(chéng)地在堅(jiān)持著和美國(guó)第一個(gè)流行景觀藝術(shù)家托馬斯柯爾的技法和構(gòu)圖原則一致的技法和原則,柯爾一直從事著描繪哈德遜兩岸的Catskill山風(fēng)景的事業(yè)。