一、定語(yǔ)從句的作用
1.連接兩個(gè)具有共同名詞的句子。
【例】I have three books of which the red is my favorite.
【解析】這是一個(gè)很簡(jiǎn)單的句子,定語(yǔ)從句由of which引導(dǎo),但是這個(gè)句子并不是在修飾和限定前面的單詞books。這個(gè)句子其實(shí)是由兩個(gè)句子合并而成的:
1)I have three books.
2)The red of those books is my favorite.
這兩個(gè)句子中有共同的名詞books,這樣就可以合寫成一個(gè)句子,此時(shí)就用到了定語(yǔ)從句的第二個(gè)作用:連接兩個(gè)具有共同名詞的句子。把第二個(gè)句子中的those books替換成能連接兩個(gè)句子的關(guān)系代詞which,這樣就能產(chǎn)生了如下這個(gè)句子:I have three books, the red of which is my favorite.為了讓整個(gè)句子更加緊湊就把of which提到books后面,進(jìn)而形成了剛才的那個(gè)句子。
表示因果邏輯關(guān)系
【例】America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.
【解析】這句話中有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句是由whose來(lái)引導(dǎo)的,在翻譯的時(shí)候也有兩種處理方法:
? ?1)美國(guó)和美國(guó)人的繁榮程度超越了歐洲和亞洲人的夢(mèng)想,他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)被戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)摧毀了。
? ?2)美國(guó)和美國(guó)人的繁榮程度超越了歐洲和亞洲人的夢(mèng)想,因?yàn)樗麄兊慕?jīng)濟(jì)被戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)摧毀了。
而后面就有對(duì)應(yīng)這個(gè)句子的考題:The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because .
答案:the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitions.
題干對(duì)應(yīng)剛才句子的主句America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians,在表述上進(jìn)行了同義替換,而正確選項(xiàng)就是對(duì)應(yīng)whose所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。