朋友Friends

巴金B(yǎng)a Jin

| 譯文摘自張培基《英譯中國(guó)散文選一》

這一次我走了許多新地方，看見(jiàn)了許多新朋友。我的生活是忙碌的：忙著看，忙著聽(tīng)，忙著說(shuō)，忙著走。但是我不曾遇到一點(diǎn)困難，朋友們給我準(zhǔn)備好了一切，使我不會(huì)缺少什么。我每走到一個(gè)新地方，我就像回到我那個(gè)在上海被日本兵毀掉的舊居一樣。
I visited many new places and met new friends on my recent trip. My time was mostly taken up by looking around, listening, talking and walking. But I never ran into any trouble because my friends had done their utmost to make sure that I would be short of nothing. Whatever new places I called at, I always felt at home as if I were back in my old residence in Shanghai which had been already been raged to the ground by Japanese troops.

要點(diǎn)：
1,“忙于做某事”又出新表述one’s time be taken up by doing
2，do one’s utmost意為“盡最大努力做某事”如：Whether win or not, the athletes have done their utmost.
無(wú)論輸贏，運(yùn)動(dòng)員們都盡了最大努力。
3, 看這句“我每走到一個(gè)新地方，我就像回到我那個(gè)在上海被日本兵毀掉的舊居一樣?！睂?duì)！巴金老先生用這么多的“我”就不叫病句!但是你在翻譯時(shí)就不能這么說(shuō)??！譯一個(gè)就好了~有很多名家的散文中用的語(yǔ)言在現(xiàn)在看來(lái)都是“不合法”的，但你要轉(zhuǎn)換成合乎當(dāng)代語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的表述，然后譯，粗，來(lái)~

綜述：無(wú)難點(diǎn)，注意以上總結(jié)的幾點(diǎn)即可

每一個(gè)朋友，不管他自己的生活是怎樣苦，怎樣簡(jiǎn)單，也要慷慨地分一些東西給我，雖然明知道我不能夠報(bào)答他。有些朋友，連他們的名字我以前也不知道，他們卻關(guān)心我的健康，處處打聽(tīng)我的“病況”，直到他們看見(jiàn)了我那被日光曬黑了的臉和膀子，他們才放心地微笑了，這種情形的確值得人掉淚。
No matter how hard up and frugal my friends themselves were, they would unstintingly share with me whatever they had, although they knew I would not be able to repay them for their kindness. Some, whom I did not even know by name, showed concern over my health and went about inquiring after me. It was not until they saw my suntanned face and arms that they began to smile a smile of relief. All that was enough to move one to tears.

要點(diǎn)：
1， hard up（拮據(jù)的，手頭緊的），frugal（節(jié)約的節(jié)省的）這里我們要注意它的同義詞兄弟們：thrifty(也有興旺的的含義),sparing, stingy（小氣的，吝嗇的），economical(經(jīng)濟(jì)的，實(shí)惠的，節(jié)約的),但是，在時(shí)政翻譯中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的“資源節(jié)約型社會(huì)”譯為energy-saving/conserving~
2， 上一節(jié)表示慷慨的有bountiful, generous，現(xiàn)在unstintingly也可以加入這套豪華午餐了~
3，concern也是翻譯中常見(jiàn)的一個(gè)詞，此處show concern over sth 中concern 意為“關(guān)心，關(guān)切”如：He said school safety was a special concern of his organization.
他說(shuō)學(xué)校安全是他的組織特別關(guān)心的事。

4，問(wèn)起的健康情況；問(wèn)起某人的生活等情況；打聽(tīng)=inquire after sb

綜述：總結(jié)“節(jié)約的”“慷慨的”以及concern的用法

有人相信我不寫(xiě)文章就不能夠生活。兩個(gè)月以前，一個(gè)同情我的上海朋友寄稿到《廣州民國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》的副刊，說(shuō)了許多關(guān)于我的生活的話。他也說(shuō)我一天不寫(xiě)文章第二天就沒(méi)有飯吃。這是不確實(shí)的。這次旅行就給我證明；即使我不再寫(xiě)一個(gè)字，朋友們也不肯讓我凍餒。
Some people believe that, without writing, I would lose my livelihood. One of my sympathizers, in an article published two months ago in the Guangzhou Republic Daily Supplement, gives a full account of the conditions of my life. He also says that I would have nothing to live on once I should lay down my pen. That is not true at all. It has already been proved by recent travels that my friends would never let me suffer from cold and hunger even if I should go without writing a single word.

要點(diǎn)：
1，without writing, I would lose my livelihood.注意此處又是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，
“不能夠生活“=lose one’s livelihood，其中l(wèi)ivelihood 譯為“賺錢(qián)謀生的手段，生計(jì)”如：superstition employed deceptive, but money is the use of these activities as a means of livelihood.
迷信職業(yè)者不過(guò)是利用這些活動(dòng)騙人錢(qián)財(cái)，作為一種謀生的手段。
一些政經(jīng)類(lèi)文章也把“民生”譯為people’s livelihood~

2, “說(shuō)了許多關(guān)于我的生活的話”意為“對(duì)我的生活情況作了全面描述”，因此譯為give a full account of~大師轉(zhuǎn)換說(shuō)法的水平真是一流的~

3, “他也說(shuō)我一天不寫(xiě)文章第二天就沒(méi)有飯吃。”譯為He also says that I would have nothing to live on once I should lay down my pen.其中“一天…第二天就…”在英文中用once表達(dá)即可。
4，“不寫(xiě)作”譯為lay down my pen,
5，“沒(méi)有飯吃”，采取意譯法，譯為have nothing to live on

綜述：本段中繼續(xù)有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的出現(xiàn)哦~不熟悉的童鞋

世間還有許多慷慨的人，他們并不把自己個(gè)人和家庭看得異常重要，超過(guò)一切?？苛怂麄兾也拍軌蚧畹浆F(xiàn)在，而且靠了他們我還要活下去。
There are a great many kind-hearted people in the world who never attach undue importance to themselves and their own families and who never place themselves and their families above anything else. It is owing to them that I still survive and shall continue to survive for a long time to come.

要點(diǎn)：
1， 這里的慷慨又根據(jù)語(yǔ)境譯為kind-hearted~
2， “他們并不把自己個(gè)人和家庭看得異常重要，超過(guò)一切”中的“超過(guò)一切”是來(lái)修飾“重要”的程度的，譯文中將它們譯成了兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，即who never attach undue importance to themselves and their own families and who never place themselves and their families above anything else

3， “把…看得重要”即“重視…”這個(gè)詞在政府工作報(bào)告等非文學(xué)的翻譯中也很常見(jiàn)，除了attach importance to之外，還可以用pay attention to, take…seriously; give priority to; put value on等表達(dá)。

4， “靠了他們我才能夠活到現(xiàn)在，而且靠了他們我還要活下去?！逼渲械摹翱苛恕币饧础坝捎凇?，譯為owe to,另外譯者用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，意在突出“正是依靠朋友的幫助”這層含義。之前也有一句話中出現(xiàn)了“靠了”這個(gè)詞，即“因?yàn)榭苛怂也拍軌蚧畹浆F(xiàn)在；而且把舊家庭給我留下的陰影掃除了的也正是它”，在這個(gè)句子中“因?yàn)椤?“靠了”，只取其一譯為because it has helped me keep alive up to now and clear away the shadow left on me by my old family.

5， for a long time to come意為“在今后很長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間里”,這種帶有“to come”的表述也是很常見(jiàn)~比如“在將來(lái)”怎么說(shuō)？in the future?高級(jí)一點(diǎn)！in times to come!

綜述：注意總結(jié)表“重視”的詞組，以及“靠”的表達(dá)哦

朋友們給我的東西是太多、太多了。我將怎樣報(bào)答他們呢？但是我知道他們是不需要報(bào)答的。

最近我在一個(gè)法國(guó)哲學(xué)家的書(shū)里讀到了這樣的話：“生命的一個(gè)條件就是消費(fèi)……世間有一種不能跟生存分開(kāi)的慷慨，要是沒(méi)有了它，我們就會(huì)死，就會(huì)從內(nèi)部干枯。我們必須開(kāi)花。道德，無(wú)私心就是人生的花?！?/span>

I owe my friends many, many kindnesses. How can I repay them? But, I understand, they don’t need me to do that.

Recently I came across the following words in a book by a French philosopher:
One condition of life is consumption… Survival in this world is inseparable from generosity, without which we would perish and become dried-up from within. We must put forth flowers. Moral integrity and unselfishness are the flowers of life.

要點(diǎn)：

1，“朋友們給我的東西是太多、太多了?！?“我欠朋友的東西太多了”，譯為I owe my friends many, many kindnesses.注意這里owe表示“欠（債，賬）的用法。此外文中中的“東西”主要是指“幫助”側(cè)重在精神方面，雖然也可譯為things,,但不如kindness(=kind acts )貼切。
2，come across表偶然遇到，無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)，它可在不同語(yǔ)境下有多種引申義，如：
1）You've probably read some of these books, or at least come across major personal development ideas in magazines or online.（可能你已經(jīng)讀過(guò)其中一些書(shū)，或者至少在雜志或網(wǎng)上瀏覽過(guò)主要的個(gè)人發(fā)展觀點(diǎn)）。
2）Perhaps I shall come across him in France.（也許我會(huì)在法國(guó) 遇見(jiàn)他）。
3，我們通常接觸到的within,是其作為副詞的含義，其實(shí)它也可以作為名詞，意為“內(nèi)部”，了解一個(gè)詞的全部含義是多么重要~

在我的眼前開(kāi)放著這么多的人生的花朵了。我的生命要到什么時(shí)候才會(huì)開(kāi)花？難道我已經(jīng)是“內(nèi)部干枯”了嗎？
一個(gè)朋友說(shuō)過(guò)：“我若是燈，我就要用我的光明來(lái)照徹黑暗。”

我不配做一盞明燈。那么就讓我做一塊木柴罷。我愿意把我從太陽(yáng)那里受到的熱放散出來(lái)，我愿意把自己燒得粉身碎骨給人間添一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)溫暖。

Now so many flowers of life are in full bloom before my eyes. When can my life put forth flowers? Am I already dried-up from within?

A friend of mine says, “If I were a lamp, I would illuminate darkness with my light.”
I, however, don’t qualify for a bright lamp. Let me be a piece of firewood instead. I’ll radiate the heat that I have absorbed from the sun. I’ll burn myself to ashes to provide this human world with a little warmth.

要點(diǎn)：

1，“難道我已經(jīng)是“內(nèi)部干枯”了嗎？”是偶們之前說(shuō)過(guò)的反問(wèn)句。反問(wèn)句一般有三種譯法：譯成一般疑問(wèn)句，譯成特殊疑問(wèn)句，譯為否定句。此處譯成了一般疑問(wèn)句~
2,put forth意為“長(zhǎng)出（花，芽，葉）”如：At this time of the year all the chestnut trees put forth blossoms.每年這個(gè)時(shí)候栗子樹(shù)都開(kāi)花了。這個(gè)詞的用處也很廣，可以表示“發(fā)表，出版，提出”也可以表示“發(fā)揮”。
3,“不配做”意即“沒(méi)有資格做”，譯文用了qualify for,這個(gè)表述也很常見(jiàn)，可用be entitled to, be eligible for，如三筆實(shí)務(wù)中的一句“他們卻不能像城鎮(zhèn)居民一樣享受基本的醫(yī)療保障”譯為they were not entitled to the basic medical service as urban people were.

綜述：反問(wèn)句和“有資格做某事”在翻譯中出現(xiàn)頻率較高，要重點(diǎn)記憶~

聲明：本雙語(yǔ)文章的中文評(píng)析系滬江英語(yǔ)原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。中文評(píng)析僅代表作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。