朋友Friends

巴金B(yǎng)a Jin

| 譯文摘自張培基《英譯中國(guó)散文選一》

這一次的旅行使我更了解一個(gè)名詞的意義，這個(gè)名詞就是：朋友。

七八天以前我曾對(duì)一個(gè)初次見(jiàn)面的朋友說(shuō)：“在朋友們面前我只感到慚愧。你們待我太好了，我簡(jiǎn)直沒(méi)法報(bào)答你們?！边@并不是謙虛的客氣話，這是真的事實(shí)。說(shuō)過(guò)這些話，我第二天就離開(kāi)了那個(gè)朋友，并不知道以后還有沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)再見(jiàn)他。但是他給我的那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)溫暖至今還使我的心顫動(dòng)。

On my recent travels, I came to realize still more fully the significance of the word “friend”.
Seven or eight days ago, I said to a friend whom I had just come to know, “I can’t help feeling embarrassed before my friends. You’re all so nice to me. I simply don’t know how to repay your kindness.” I did not make this remark out of mere modesty and courtesy. I truly meant what I said. The next day, I said goodbye to this friend, not knowing if I could ever see him again. But the little warmth that he gave me has been keeping my heart throbbing with gratitude.

要點(diǎn)：
1，在翻譯“這一次的旅行使我更了解一個(gè)名詞的意義”時(shí)，譯者再一次無(wú)情地拋棄了我們最常用的make君，將“我”作為主語(yǔ)，串聯(lián)起整個(gè)句子，fully realize意為“充分理解”，still 在此的作用是加強(qiáng)比較級(jí)，意為“還要，更”沒(méi)錯(cuò)我們的行文奏是這么有感情~
2，“在朋友們面前我只感到慚愧”中的“慚愧”意為“不好意思”而不是”“羞愧”，因此譯為embarrassed，此外還有ill at ease也可表示此意。
3，“謙虛的客氣話”= out of mere modesty and courtesy
4，“使我的心顫動(dòng)”譯為keeping my heart throbbing（跳動(dòng)，抽動(dòng)，悸動(dòng)） with gratitude，其中with gratitude是增加成分哦，原文雖然沒(méi)有明說(shuō)，但是有這個(gè)意思，因此，文學(xué)翻譯時(shí)，作者的言外之意也是非常重要滴，就像是高中時(shí)做的閱讀理解~\(^o^)/~

綜述：文章開(kāi)篇并沒(méi)有很復(fù)雜的句式，翻譯時(shí)注意揣測(cè)作者的真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣~

我的生命大概不會(huì)很長(zhǎng)久罷。然而在短促的過(guò)去的回顧中卻有一盞明燈，照徹了我的靈魂的黑暗，使我的生存有一點(diǎn)光彩。這盞燈就是就友情。我應(yīng)該感謝它，因?yàn)榭苛怂也拍軌蚧畹浆F(xiàn)在；而且把舊家庭給我留下的陰影掃除了的也正是它。
The length of my days will not be unlimited. However, whenever I look back on my brief past life, I find a beacon illuminating my soul and thereby lending a little brightness to my being. That beacon is friendship. I should be grateful to it because it has helped me keep alive up to now and clear away the shadow left on me by my old family.

要點(diǎn):
1，“在短促的過(guò)去的回顧中”=在我回顧自己短暫的一生時(shí)，譯為whenever I look back on my brief past life，其中l(wèi)ook back on意為“回顧，回首”，此外它的小伙伴in retrospect(回顧過(guò)去)出鏡率也很高,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)詞在文學(xué)翻譯中灰常常見(jiàn)哦，畢竟有一種文叫“回憶性散文”嘛~
2，lend to常見(jiàn)意為“借給，貸款給…”此處表示“增添，添加;賦予…以…”
3，being在此意為“誕生，存在，出現(xiàn)”，如We do not know when the universe came into being.我們不知道宇宙何時(shí)開(kāi)始存在。
4，“靠了它我才能夠活到現(xiàn)在；而且把舊家庭給我留下的陰影掃除了的也正是它”句中，兩個(gè)分句都出現(xiàn)了“它”可考慮串成一個(gè)句子，避免it重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。譯為it has helped me keep alive up to now and clear away the shadow left on me by my old family.在說(shuō)法上，將“靠了它我才…”轉(zhuǎn)換為“它幫助我,,,”

綜述：文學(xué)語(yǔ)言區(qū)別于日?？谡Z(yǔ)的便是它的用詞，本段illuminating，grateful都是要好好借鑒和積累的對(duì)象哦~

世間有不少的人為了家庭拋棄朋友，至少也會(huì)在家庭和朋友之間劃一個(gè)界限，把家庭看得比朋友重過(guò)若干倍。這似乎是很自然的事情。我也曾親眼看見(jiàn)一些人結(jié)婚以后就離開(kāi)朋友，離開(kāi)事業(yè)……
Many people forsake their friends in favor of their own families, or at least draw a line of demarcation between families and friends, considering the former to be many times more important than the latter. That seems to be a matter of course. I have also seen with my own eyes how some people abandon their friends as well as their own careers soon after they get married…

要點(diǎn)：
1，“拋棄”的高級(jí)說(shuō)法=forsake, leave 也是一個(gè)很文藝的說(shuō)法，此外還有我們熟悉的abandon~
2， in favor of 意為“支持，贊同”但是，do sth in favor of sth 就有“決定選擇某物而不選擇某物”之意了~如：Plans for a tunnel were rejected in favor of a bridge.(修建隧道的計(jì)劃被否決，選擇了橋)
Favor的其他用法，也要引起重視~，常見(jiàn)的有come back in favor(重獲青睞)，in sb’s favor (對(duì)某人有利)，do sb no favors=don’t do sb any favor (對(duì)…沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)好處)，do sb a favor(幫某人忙)
3，“把家庭看得比朋友重過(guò)若干倍”譯為considering the former to be many times more important than the latter，此處注意倍數(shù)的表達(dá)“數(shù)量+比較級(jí)+than”~而且譯者用former 和latter，避免了“家庭，朋友”這兩個(gè)詞的重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，體現(xiàn)了英文多代詞的特點(diǎn)~

綜述：本段主要體會(huì)“英多代（詞），漢少代（詞）”的特點(diǎn)，并且注意倍數(shù)的表示法~

朋友是暫時(shí)的，家庭是永久的。在好些人的行為里我發(fā)見(jiàn)了這個(gè)信條。這個(gè)信條在我實(shí)在是不可理解的。對(duì)于我，要是沒(méi)有朋友，我現(xiàn)在會(huì)變成怎樣可憐的東西，我自己也不知道。
Friends are transient whereas family are lasting—that is the tenet, as I know, guiding the behavior of many people. To me, that is utterly inconceivable. Without friends, I would have been reduced to I don’t know what a miserable creature.

要點(diǎn)：
1，說(shuō)一下高級(jí)的轉(zhuǎn)折詞whereas，意為“鑒于，然而，反之”多用于正式文體哦，寫(xiě)作中也常會(huì)用到~如：He said Kyoto was about setting a framework, whereas Copenhagen is an attempt to get every country involved.
他說(shuō)京都是建立一個(gè)框架，而哥本哈根是力圖使每個(gè)國(guó)家都參與進(jìn)來(lái)。
2，“要是沒(méi)有朋友，我現(xiàn)在會(huì)變成怎樣可憐的東西，我自己也不知道?！弊g為Without friends, I would have been reduced to I don’t know what a miserable creature.其中又出現(xiàn)了reduce啊有木有，從《背影》的“reduced circumstances（光景慘淡）”到《我坐了木船》的“reduce to（被迫從事）”再到如今的be reduced to(淪落為，淪落到)，reduce在表示“落魄”和“慘”方面的偉大作用真是無(wú)可替代~~~
3，句法上注意最后一句，翻譯時(shí)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣~表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬，中文對(duì)時(shí)態(tài)要求并不明顯，但在英文中要明確地體現(xiàn)出來(lái)

綜述：注意虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣~以及老朋友reduce 的用法

然而朋友們把我救了。他們給了我家庭所不能給的東西。他們的友愛(ài)，他們的幫助，他們的鼓勵(lì)，幾次把我從深淵的邊沿救回來(lái)。他們對(duì)我表示了無(wú)限的慷慨。
Friends are my saviors. They give me things which it is beyond my family to give me. Thanks to their fraternal love, assistance and encouragement, I have time and again been saved from falling into an abyss while on its verge. They have been enormously generous towards me.

要點(diǎn)：
1，fraternal 意為“兄弟般的，兄弟間的”，同義的還有brotherly, friendly ,sibling~
2，“他們給了我家庭所不能給的東西”譯為T(mén)hey give me things which it is beyond my family to give me. 其中which it is beyond my family to give是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾things，而which這個(gè)關(guān)系代詞又是to give 的賓語(yǔ)，to give which又是真正的主語(yǔ)，it 是形式主語(yǔ)。其實(shí)這句話可以寫(xiě)成兩個(gè)句子：①They give me things 。②To give the things is beyond my family .注意此處beyond 君在這里又粗現(xiàn)啦~還記得《我坐了木船》中表示“不能做某事”的用法嗎？
2，“幾次把我從深淵的邊沿救回來(lái)”譯為I have time and again been saved from falling into an abyss while on its verge，譯者增譯了動(dòng)詞（墜入深淵）使行文更加明確，很好地體現(xiàn)了把原文中的修辭意~值得借鑒和學(xué)習(xí)
3，time and again=再次，多次，之前也有過(guò)相關(guān)說(shuō)法的總結(jié)，如：again and again, time after time, repeatedly~
3，“他們對(duì)我表示了無(wú)限的慷慨?！敝小盁o(wú)限的慷慨”譯為enormously generous，其中enormously=extremely, exceedingly(非常，極其)~

綜述：本段對(duì)于“他們給了我家庭所不能給的東西”的翻譯比較難理解，實(shí)在梳不通就按普通人翻譯的They give me things that is beyond my family to give來(lái)理解~

我的生活曾經(jīng)是悲苦的，黑暗的。然而朋友們把多量的同情，多量的愛(ài)，多量的歡樂(lè)，多量的眼淚分了給我，這些東西都是生存所必需的。這些不要報(bào)答的慷慨的施舍，使我的生活里也有了溫暖，有了幸福。我默默地接受了它們。我并不曾說(shuō)一句感激的話，我也沒(méi)有做過(guò)一件報(bào)答的行為。但是朋友們卻不把自私的形容詞加到我的身上。對(duì)于我，他們太慷慨了。
There was a time when my life was miserable and gloomy. My friends then gave me in large quantities sympathy, love, joy and tears—things essential for existence. It is due to their bountiful free gifts that I also have my share of warmth and happiness in my life. I accepted their kindnesses quietly without ever saying a word of thanks and without ever doing anything in return. In spite of that, my friends never used the epithet “self-centered” when referred to me. They are only too generous towards me.

要點(diǎn)：
1，“多量的”就是大量的，此處譯為In large quantity，如：we will order in large quantity man's shirts.（我們將大量訂購(gòu)男式襯衫）
童鞋們~是時(shí)候擺脫a lot of了
2，“這些不要報(bào)答的慷慨的施舍，使我的生活里也有了溫暖，有了幸?！弊g為It is due to their bountiful free gifts that I also have my share of warmth and happiness in my life.運(yùn)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句，說(shuō)明正是這些朋友慷慨的幫助，才讓我的生活發(fā)生了變化。my share of意為“我(也有)的一份”用以表達(dá)原文中“也”的內(nèi)涵
3，經(jīng)過(guò)本段，我們大概可以給這篇文章的高頻詞“慷慨”做一個(gè)總結(jié)了——generous, bountiful,本段“慷慨”以名詞形式出現(xiàn)時(shí)意思接近于“禮物，饋贈(zèng)”，因此譯者翻譯為了gift~聯(lián)系上下文語(yǔ)境是灰常重要的！?。?br> 4，本段那些用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣的副詞也值得積累，比如ever(用于否定句表不曾)，還有之后會(huì)出現(xiàn)的only too(很，非常)=all too(非常，簡(jiǎn)直太。。。)如: I shall be only too pleased to hear from you further.我非常歡迎你再來(lái)信。

綜述：總結(jié)“慷慨”的相關(guān)詞匯，注意本段出現(xiàn)的副詞同志們~

聲明：本雙語(yǔ)文章的中文評(píng)析系滬江英語(yǔ)原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)注明出處。中文評(píng)析僅代表作者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)，僅供參考。如有不妥之處，歡迎指正。