1)完全倒裝即把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)放到主語(yǔ)之前(是整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,而非助動(dòng)詞)。
例如:The teacher came in and the class began.(沒(méi)有倒裝)
? ? ? ? In came the teacher and the class began. (老師走了進(jìn)來(lái),然后開(kāi)始上課。)
2) there引出的完全倒裝句:除了最常見(jiàn)的there be句型以外,there還可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seem to be,stand等,一般都譯成"有"的含義,構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。
例如:There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(遠(yuǎn)處有個(gè)穿黑色衣服的人。)
3)由地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間副詞引出的完全倒裝句:以地點(diǎn)副詞here,there和時(shí)間副詞now,then開(kāi)頭,后面的動(dòng)詞是be,come,exist,fall,follow,go,lie,remain,seem,stand(表移動(dòng)或動(dòng)態(tài)的不及物動(dòng)詞)等,而主語(yǔ)又是名詞時(shí),構(gòu)成完全倒裝句。
例如:Up climbed the boy when his mother came.
4)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首,謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)使用完全倒裝
5)在強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)時(shí),有以下情況:
(1)當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)為方位詞或擬聲詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為go,come等表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞時(shí)句子須倒裝。
例如:1 Up went the plane.
? ? ? ? 2 In came the chairman and the meeting began.
注:如果主語(yǔ)是代詞則不發(fā)生倒裝。
例如:1 they rushed out!
? ? ? ? 2 he bent Lower and lower.
(2)當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)為表示地點(diǎn)、方向等的介詞詞組時(shí),句子須倒裝。
例如:1 Round the corner walked a large policeman.
? ? ? ? 2 Under the table was lying a half-conscious young man.
(3)當(dāng)句首狀語(yǔ)由“only +副詞”,“only +介詞詞組”,“only +狀語(yǔ)從句”構(gòu)成時(shí),句子須倒裝。
例如:1 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. (不屬于完全倒裝)
? ? ? ? 2 Only because there were some canceled book