動(dòng)詞在不同時(shí)態(tài)下要改變拼寫,今天跟著小編一起學(xué)習(xí)一下規(guī)則情況下過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的變形規(guī)律。

過去分詞通常用在完成時(shí)(規(guī)則情況下過去分詞與過去時(shí)拼寫一致,只是過去式通常用在一般過去時(shí)),指過去的動(dòng)作,變形規(guī)律是在動(dòng)詞原形后加上ed,例如:

I?asked?her a question.
我問了她一個(gè)問題。

現(xiàn)在分詞通常用于進(jìn)行時(shí),指正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,變形規(guī)律是在動(dòng)詞原形后加上ing,例如:

I am?asking?her a question.
我正在問她問題。

通常情況下,加上ed和ing后不必再進(jìn)行其他拼寫上的改變,但在某些情況下,改變卻又是必要的。下面列舉了幾種變性規(guī)則,讓你正確掌握變形規(guī)律:

Verbs ending with a silent e
動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾

If the verb ends with an?e?that isn’t?pronounced (as in?bake?or?smile), then you need to drop this final?-e?before adding?-ed?and?-ing:
如果動(dòng)詞以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾(如bake和smile這樣的開音節(jié)),在加ed和ing時(shí)要把這個(gè)e刪去:

動(dòng)詞 過去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞
bake 烘焙 baked baking
smile 微笑 smiled smiling

Verbs ending in -ee, -ye, and -oe?(such as?free,?dye, and?tiptoe) do not drop the final -e?when adding?-ing:
若動(dòng)詞以ee、ye、oe結(jié)尾(如free、dye、tiptoe),則不要把e刪去,但這時(shí)過去分詞只需要加d就可以了:

動(dòng)詞 過去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞
free 自由的 freed freeing
dye 染 dyed dyeing
tiptoe 用腳尖走 tiptoed tiptoeing

A very few verbs keep the final?-e?when adding?-ing?to?distinguish?them from similar words. For example,?singe?becomes?singeing?rather than?singing?(which is the present participle of?sing).
還有一小部分次在加ing時(shí)保留詞尾的e以區(qū)分其他詞。比如singe的現(xiàn)在分詞是singeing而非singing,因?yàn)閟inging是sing的現(xiàn)在分詞。

Verbs ending with a vowel plus -l?
動(dòng)詞以元音加l結(jié)尾

If the verb ends with a vowel plus?-l?(as in?travel?or?equal), then you need to double the?l?before adding-ed?and -ing?in British English:
如果動(dòng)詞以元音加l結(jié)尾(如travel和equal),在英式英語中要雙寫l(美式英語無須如此):

動(dòng)詞

過去分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

travel 旅行

travelled

travelling

distil 蒸餾

distilled

distilling

equal 平等

equalled

equalling

Verbs ending with a single vowel plus a consonant
動(dòng)詞以單元音加輔音結(jié)尾

If the verb ends with a single vowel plus a?consonant, and the?stress?is at the end of the word (), then you need to double the final consonant before adding?-ed?and?–ing:
如果非單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞以單元音加輔音結(jié)尾,并且重音在最后一個(gè)音節(jié),要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母:

動(dòng)詞

過去分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

admit 承認(rèn)

admitted

admitting

commit 犯罪

committed

committing

refer 涉及

referred

referring

If the verb ends with a vowel plus a consonant and the stress is?not?at the end of the word, you don’t need to double the final consonant when adding?-ed?and?-ing:
如果非單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞以單元音加輔音結(jié)尾,但重音不在最后一個(gè)音節(jié),則無須雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母:

動(dòng)詞

過去分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

inherit 繼承

inherited

inheriting

target 瞄準(zhǔn)

targeted

targeting

visit 拜訪

visited

visiting

If the verb has only one?syllable?and ends with a single vowel plus a consonant (e.g.?stop), then you need to double the final consonant before adding?-ed?and?-ing:
若果單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞以單元音加輔音結(jié)尾(如stop),需要雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母:

動(dòng)詞

過去分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

stop 停止

stopped

stopping

tap 輕敲

tapped

tapping

sob 啜泣

sobbed

sobbing

Verbs ending with two vowels plus a consonant
動(dòng)詞以雙元音加輔音結(jié)尾

If the verb ends with two vowels plus a consonant, you should generally?not?double the final consonant:
如果動(dòng)詞以雙元音加輔音結(jié)尾,通常無須雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母:

動(dòng)詞

過去分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

treat 款待

treated

treating

wheel 轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)

wheeled

wheeling

pour 潑

poured

pouring

Verbs ending in –c
動(dòng)詞以c結(jié)尾

If the verb ends in?-c?(e.g.?panic), you need to add a?-k?before adding?-ed?and?-ing, and also?-er.
如果動(dòng)詞以c結(jié)尾,在ed和ing前要加上k,在er前也要如此:

動(dòng)詞

過去分詞

現(xiàn)在分詞

相關(guān)的名詞

picnic 野餐

picnicked

picnicking

picnicker 野餐者

mimic 模仿

mimicked

mimicking

mimicker 模仿別人的人

traffic 交易

trafficked

trafficking

trafficker 商人

聲明:本雙語文章的中文翻譯系滬江英語原創(chuàng)內(nèi)容,轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處。中文翻譯僅代表譯者個(gè)人觀點(diǎn),僅供參考。如有不妥之處,歡迎指正。