1. 找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)

有時(shí)題干中帶有對(duì)解題起著關(guān)鍵作用的詞語(yǔ),如果能迅速找準(zhǔn)這些詞語(yǔ),再結(jié)合各選項(xiàng)的意義和特點(diǎn),就能很快選出正確答案。例如:

The Foreign Minister said, "_______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."

A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is

解析:在名詞性從句中,that既無(wú)詞義,也不作句子成分,連接一個(gè)句子成分完整的陳述句。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu),特別是that的暗示,可判斷題干為一個(gè)含有主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,句首的it為形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為其后的that從句,故最佳答案為D。

2. 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)

有些試題的考點(diǎn)本來(lái)十分簡(jiǎn)單,但命題者卻通過使用定語(yǔ)從句,或者將我們熟悉的固定詞組有意拆分,重新組合,使我們?cè)诮Y(jié)構(gòu)上產(chǎn)生錯(cuò)覺,出現(xiàn)迷惑。這時(shí),我們只要保持清醒的頭腦,仔細(xì)分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu),就會(huì)撥開迷霧。例如:

We keep in touch _____ writing often.

A. with B. of C. on D. by

解析:許多同學(xué)根據(jù) keep in touch with (與......保持聯(lián)系)這一搭配推斷出此題應(yīng)選A。但是選A錯(cuò)了,因?yàn)樘状舜钆浯司湟馑疾煌?,正確答案應(yīng)是D,by 表示方式,by writing 意為"通過寫信",全句意為"我們通過經(jīng)常寫信保持聯(lián)系"。請(qǐng)?jiān)倏磧衫?

(1) We've talked a lot _____ cars. What about trains?

A. of B. with C. about D. in

解析:由于受 a lot of 這一常用結(jié)構(gòu)的影響,許多同學(xué)毫不猶豫地選了A,但是錯(cuò)了。原因是:若選 of,a lot of cars 即為動(dòng)詞 talk 的賓語(yǔ),但事實(shí)上,動(dòng)詞 talk 是不及物動(dòng)詞。正確答案是C,句中的a lot是修飾動(dòng)詞 talked 的狀語(yǔ),talk about才是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。 全句意為"我們對(duì)汽車已談了不少,現(xiàn)在談?wù)劵疖囋趺礃?"

(2) We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.

A. as B. with C. of D. by

解析:許多同學(xué)一看到句中的 regard 和選項(xiàng)中的 as,馬上就聯(lián)想到 regard ... as ...(把......看作......)這一搭配,從而斷定此題應(yīng)選A。錯(cuò)了,原因是將此搭配套入原句,句子意思不通。正確答案是B,句意為"我們大家都很同情這位老人"。

3. 適當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)換句式

有時(shí)將題干的句式轉(zhuǎn)換成自己更熟悉的句式,就很容易選出正確答案。比如將疑問句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句或倒裝句改為陳述句,將被動(dòng)句改為主動(dòng)句,無(wú)序句調(diào)整為正常句。例如:

-Mr. Wang, whom would you rather _____ the important meeting?

-Tom.

A. have attend B. have attended

C. having attend D. have to attend

解析: 若將疑問句改為陳述句,就是I would rather have Tom attend the important meeting. 其中would rather后必須接動(dòng)詞原形,have sb. do sth.是"要某人做某事"。所以選A。

4. 補(bǔ)全省略成分

口語(yǔ)中常常會(huì)使用一些省略句,做題時(shí)若將被省略的成分補(bǔ)充完整,答案就會(huì)一目了然。例如:

-What do you think made Mary so upset?

- _____ her new bike.

A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing

解析:將答句補(bǔ)全,就是 _____ her new bike made Mary so upset,顯然,只能選C,用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。

5. 刪除干擾部分

就是將起干擾作用的定語(yǔ)從句、介詞短語(yǔ)或插入語(yǔ),如I think / suppose / believe, do you think / suppose / believe, you know, of course等刪除,從而更容易地選出正確答案。例如:

It is the ability to do the job _______matters not where you come from or what you are.

A. one B. that C. what D. it

解析:去掉題干中的not where you come from or what you are,題干即為是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句:The ability to do the job matters. 把主語(yǔ)The ability 放在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中,即變?yōu)轭}干,顯然最佳答案為B。

6. 利用對(duì)稱結(jié)構(gòu)

就是在做題過程中要善于利用and,but等并列連詞。若前面是個(gè)句子,后面也必定是個(gè)句子,反之亦然;若連接的是幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞,這幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞也必定是同一時(shí)態(tài)或同一形式。例如:

-English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it?

-Yes. _____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.

A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known

解析:因?yàn)榈诙€(gè)and后面是一個(gè)句子,所以前面也必定是一個(gè)句子,但前面這個(gè)句子沒有主語(yǔ),只能選用動(dòng)詞原形,構(gòu)成一個(gè)祈使句,因此,正確答案是A。又如:

On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _______ some bananas and visited her cousin.

A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy

解析:因?yàn)閍nd后面是過去式visited,前面也必定是動(dòng)詞的過去式,所以正確答案是A。

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7. 注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

標(biāo)點(diǎn)有時(shí)對(duì)我們做題有提示作用,不同的標(biāo)點(diǎn)可能導(dǎo)致選不同的答案,同學(xué)們做題時(shí),一定要小心。例如:

There are eight tips in Dr. Roger's lecture on sleep, and one of them is:_____to bed early unless you think it is necessary.

A. doesn't go B. not to go C. not going D. don't go

解析:此題很容易選B,認(rèn)為是用不定式作表語(yǔ)。其實(shí),冒號(hào)已經(jīng)表明后面是Dr. Roger講的原話,這原話應(yīng)當(dāng)是個(gè)句子,只有選D才構(gòu)成一個(gè)否定形式的祈使句。