The great sentinel was right there at the top of the ridge, where Will had known it would be, its lowest branches a bare foot off the ground. Will slid in underneath, flat on his belly in the snow and the mud, and looked down on the empty clearing below.
威爾知道那棵大哨兵樹(shù)位于山脊最高處,底部枝干離地僅有一尺。于是他爬進(jìn)矮樹(shù)叢,平趴在殘雪和泥濘里,往下方空曠的平地望去。

where Will had known it would be,這里是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句分為限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句兩種。限定性定語(yǔ)從句即對(duì)從句所修飾的詞進(jìn)行了限制性的修飾;而非限定性定語(yǔ)從句則是對(duì)修飾的詞或句子進(jìn)行了補(bǔ)充性說(shuō)明。雖然限定性和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句好像只有一個(gè)逗號(hào)的差別,但是意思有時(shí)可是差別很大的。我們來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明。

His wife, who is 35 years old, is a teacher. (非限定性)

His wife who is 35 years old is a teacher.(限定性)

它們有什么區(qū)別呢?第一句的翻譯,他老婆,今年35歲了,是個(gè)老師。

第二句他35歲的那個(gè)老婆(暗指他還有幾個(gè)老婆)是個(gè)老師。

文章的原文是對(duì)哨兵樹(shù)所在地方的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,Will 已經(jīng)偵察過(guò)那地方。而如果變成限定性的,雖然意思沒(méi)有發(fā)生根本改變但所強(qiáng)調(diào)的對(duì)象就不同了。At the top of the ridge, the great sentinel was right there where Will had known it would be. 這里強(qiáng)調(diào)Will預(yù)先就知道哪個(gè)地方。

flat on,這里是趴著匍匐。flat 有平整的含義,這里flat on 非常形象得描繪了Will趴在地上的姿勢(shì)——肚子緊貼地面。

His heart stopped in his chest. For a moment he dared not breathe. Moonlight shone down on the clearing, the ashes of the firepit, the snow-covered lean-to, the great rock, the little half-frozen stream. Everything was just as it had been a few hours ago.
他的心臟停止了跳動(dòng),好一陣不敢呼吸。月光灑落在空地上,映照出營(yíng)火余燼,白雪覆蓋的巖石,半結(jié)冰的小溪,全都和數(shù)小時(shí)前所見(jiàn)一模一樣。

For a moment he dared not breathe. 這句話, for a moment 是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),he 主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)部分是由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定形式dare not 加上實(shí)意動(dòng)詞breathe 構(gòu)成的。dare 和need 用法類似,既可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又可作情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是有含義的,表明行為人的態(tài)度的。當(dāng)作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候,所有表示時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、三單、否定等的表達(dá)標(biāo)志都會(huì)落在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞上(由于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是表示人的主觀情感的,故沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))。

I daren’t go home. 這時(shí)dare 是助動(dòng)詞,實(shí)意動(dòng)詞是go.

而當(dāng)dare 作為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí),這句就要改寫成I don’t dare to go home. 這時(shí)to go home 則作為dare 的賓語(yǔ)了,而對(duì)句子的否定也需要借助助動(dòng)詞來(lái)完成。

另外經(jīng)常使用的關(guān)于dare 的句子。How dare you! 是對(duì)對(duì)方的詰責(zé),表示憤怒和震驚。另外Don’t you dare! 則表達(dá)你敢,用于警告對(duì)方不要做出某種激怒你的事情。

lean-to,搭靠在其他建筑的那種簡(jiǎn)易斜屋面房。在野外通常就由柱子支持起一個(gè)斜坡的臨時(shí)庇護(hù)所。

?

They were gone. All the bodies were gone.
惟一的差別是,所有的人都不見(jiàn)了。

聲明:本文系阿天授權(quán)滬江英語(yǔ)獨(dú)家發(fā)布,嚴(yán)禁轉(zhuǎn)載。中文翻譯選自重慶出版社屈暢的版本,講解為阿天原創(chuàng)作品。