分 類 句法功能 例 句
形容詞性物主代詞 作定語 This is my pen.
名詞性物主代詞 作主語、表語、賓語 This bike is hers.

注意：名詞性物主代詞可用于雙重所有格中：
She is a friend of mine.

4.反身代詞：

序號 在句中充當?shù)某煞?例 句
1 賓語 位于動詞后 She could dress herself when she was six.
位于介詞后 Take care of yourselves.
“賓語+and”后 She invited Mike and myself to the party.
2 表 語 He doesn’t seem himself today.
3 同
位
語 主語同位語 He himself had to do it/He had to do it himself.
賓語同位語 You can ask the president himself.
4 并
列
主
語 and之后 (Both)Mary and myself will go.
or之后 (Either)Mary or yourself will go.
nor之后 (Neither)Mike nor yourself have anything to do with it.

注意：
（1）反身代詞不單獨作主語。
（2）oneself也是一個反身代詞，用法與上面相同。One should not live for oneself alone.

5.指示代詞：“this,that,these,those”,可作名詞用也可作形容詞用。見下表：

在句中的成分 例 句
1 作
名
詞
用 作主語 This is Smith.
2 作賓語 I like this.
3 作表語 His idea is this.
4 作形容詞用 作定語 This way,please.
6．不定代詞：

序
號 分
類 功
能 用法 不定代詞 例詞或例句 說明
1 作
形
容
詞 定語 接可數(shù)單數(shù) every“每個的”，只作定語 every body 指三者或三者以上的“每個的”。
接可數(shù)復數(shù) other other boys
接三類名詞 no no people no=not a/any
2 作
名
詞 主語、表語、賓語 代單數(shù)（人） someone,somebody
anyone,anybody
everyone,everybody
no one,nobody Someone is waiting for Jack.
Is everyone here?
Is there anybody out? someone,somebody 用肯定句中或表建議等的疑問句中；
anyone,anybody用于否定條件句或疑問句中。
代單數(shù)（物） something,anything
nothing,everything Something is wrong with my bike. something用于肯定句或表建議等的句子里；anything用于否定句或疑問句中。
代復數(shù)
（人/物） others，the others She likes to help others.
Where are the others? the others其余的人/物。
none None of us is afraid. 指三者或三者以上當中“沒一個”。
3 既可作名詞又可作形容詞 主語、定語、表語、賓語 不可數(shù) little,a little,much There’s little time left. little“幾乎沒有”，表否定。
可數(shù)復數(shù) few,a few,many,several, both Both my sisters are good. few“幾乎沒有”表否定；both只用于兩者“兩者都”。
可數(shù)單數(shù) one each(二者或三者以上的“每一”)
another,either,neither Each student has a pencil. either二者之中任一個；neither二者之中沒一個。
接/代三類名詞 all,some,any,such,the other He has two sons.One is a doctor. The other(one)is a teacher. some用于肯定句或表建議的句中；any用于否定、疑問句或條件句中。
可數(shù)復數(shù)或不可數(shù) lots of, a lot of, a lot He has lots of/a lot of friends.
He has a lot to say.

注意：
（1）both(二者都)和all(三者或以上都)可以作同位語，位于助動詞，系動詞或情態(tài)動詞后，行為動詞之前。
The boys are all in the classroom.
Both(of)my brothers like sports.
（2）every other+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)：指“每隔一…”。
They go to play basketball every other day.
（3）no/any/every/some與one/body構(gòu)成的復合詞指人，不用于of前。
（4）all/both/every及其復合詞與否定詞連用時，表部分否定。相應的全否定為none/neither/no one/nobody/nothing等。
Not all of us are teachers=All of us are not teachers.
None of us are students.
（5）“another+數(shù)詞+名詞復數(shù)”表示“再來（數(shù)詞）…”。
Another two coffees,please.
（6）the other+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示“其余的/所有剩下的…”。
The other boys are playing on the playground.
the other后不接任何詞時，指“二者中的另一個?！?br>I have two skirts. One is red. The other is blue and white stripes.

7．疑問代詞：用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語、補語等。

在句中成分 例句
主語 Who did it?
賓語 What are you doing?
定語 Whose bike is it?
補語 What do you call it in Japanese?
表語 Whose is this book?

(四)數(shù)詞
1. 數(shù)詞分類：

分類 在句中充當?shù)某煞?例詞
基數(shù)詞 主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語 one, eleven, fifty
序數(shù)詞 主語、表語、賓語、定語、同位語、狀語 second, eighth, fortieth

2．基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成及用法：

類型 構(gòu)成方法 例詞
1-12 單獨的詞 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13-19 在3-9的詞尾加上“-teen” thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20,30,40-90 以“-ty”結(jié)尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
100,1000,1000,000,
1000 000 000, 百，千，百萬，十億都有具體量詞 one/a hundred, one/a thousand,
one/a million, one/a billion
21-99 “幾十”和“個位”之間用連字符“-” twenty-three,forty-eight
101-999 “百位”后“十位”前加“and” 826: eight hundred and twenty-six
1,000以上 先從右向左每三位數(shù)加一逗號，從右向左第一個逗號為thousand,第二個為million,第三個為billion,然后每三位為一單位從左向右讀。 1，234，567，892: one billion, two hundred thirty-four million, five hundred sixty-seven thousand eight hund red and ninety-two

3.序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成：

類 型 構(gòu)成特點 例詞及縮寫式
one, two, three 單獨記憶 first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd)
four～nineteen 在基數(shù)詞尾加-th fifth (5th), ninth (9th), twelfth (12th)
-ty結(jié)尾的詞 把y→ie，在基數(shù)詞尾加-th twentieth (20th), fiftieth (50th), fortieth (40th)
以1～9結(jié)尾的多位數(shù) 變個位數(shù)為序數(shù)詞即可 twenty-first (21st), ninety-ninth (99th)
hundred, thousand, million, billion 在基數(shù)詞尾加-th即可 hundredth (100th) thousandth (1,000th) millionth
(1,000,000th) billionth (1,000,000,000th)