一、形容詞的定義
形容詞的判斷方法
判斷一個詞是不是形容詞,可以從其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和句法特點(diǎn)兩方面來確定.
(1)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)
以-able,-al,-ful, -ic,-ish,-less,-ous,-y等后綴結(jié)尾的詞,一般是形容詞,如:changeable(多變的),medical(醫(yī)學(xué)上的),careful(仔細(xì)的),atomic(原子的),foolish(愚蠢的),careless(粗心的),delicious(美味的),healthy(健康的),rainy(多雨的)等.
(2)句法特點(diǎn)
大多數(shù)形容詞都可以作定語;在be,look,seem等詞之后作表語;可用very來修飾,有比較級和最高級形式.其中,在句中作定語或作表語是形容詞最主要的特點(diǎn).如:
Mary is very nice.瑪麗很可愛.(表語) Mary is a nice girl.瑪麗是個可愛的女孩.(定語)
He was asleep.他睡著了.(表語) She is a perfect teacher.她是位十全十美的老師.(定語)
二、形容詞的用法
1.用作定語
Li Mei is a beautiful city girl. The new student comes from Japan..
2.用作表語
My father's car is very expensive. The English story is very interesting.
常見的后跟形容詞作表語的動詞:
①become, come, fall, get, go, grow, make, turn(表示"變成某種狀態(tài)")
②continue, hold, keep, lie, remain, stay(表示"保持某種狀態(tài)")
③appear, feel, look, smell, sound, taste, know(表示"感覺")
例如:
He turned red when he heard the news.
It's going to stay cold for some time. The beer tastes very delicious.
3.用作賓語補(bǔ)足語
Don't keep the door open. His success made him happy.
4."the+形容詞",表示一類人或事物,相當(dāng)于名詞,用作主語及賓語
The old often think of old things. The new always take the place of the old.
5.有時也可用作狀語或補(bǔ)語
Please speak loud and clear. These soldiers spent three days in the cold weather, cold and hungry.
6.少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語,不能作定語.
這些形容詞包括 ill,asleep,awake,alone,alive,well,worth,glad,unable,afraid等.例如:
(正)Don't be afraid. (誤) Mr Li is an afraid man.
(正)The old man was ill yesterday. (誤)This is an ill person.
(正)This place is worth visiting. (誤)That is a worth book.
7.少數(shù)形容詞只能作定語,不能作表語.
這些形容詞包括 little, live(活著的),elder, eldest 等.例如:
(正)My elder brother is a doctor. (誤)My brother is elder than I.
(正)This is a little house. (誤)The house is little.
(正)Do you want live fish or dead one (誤)The old monkey is still live.
三、形容詞的位置
1.形容詞一般放在名詞前作定語
單個形容詞修飾名詞時,一般要放在名詞的前面.它們的前面常常帶有冠詞,形容詞性物主代詞,指示代詞,數(shù)詞等.例如:
a red flower一朵紅花 this interesting story這個有趣的故事
six blind men 六個盲人 my own house我自己的房子
(1)當(dāng)形容詞所修飾的詞是由some, any, every, no等構(gòu)成的不定代詞時,形容詞必須置于所修飾的詞之后.例如:
She has something new to tell me. I have nothing important to do today.
Do you know anybody else here? 這兒你還有認(rèn)識的人嗎
(2)形容詞后面有介詞短語或不定式短語時,形容詞必須置于名詞之后.例如:
It is a problem difficult to work out. Edison is a student difficult to teach.
This is a kind of flowers easy to grow. 這是一種易栽的花.
(3)在以下特殊用法中,形容詞置于所修飾的名詞之后.例如:
All people, young or old, should be strict with themselves.
We are building a new school, modern and super.
All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的國家,無論窮富,都應(yīng)該互相幫助.
(4)有少數(shù)形容詞,如enough和possible,既可置于所修飾的名詞之前,也可置于所修飾的名詞之后.例如:
Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare 你有足夠的時間做準(zhǔn)備嗎
Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或許它將成為你的一次可能的機(jī)遇.
(5)有些形容詞,置于名詞之前與之后,含義不盡相同.例如:
the writer present 出席的作家
the present writer 當(dāng)代的作家
2.兩個以上的形容詞修飾同一個名詞時的排列順序
限定詞→一般描繪性形容詞→表示大小,長短,高低的形容詞→表示形狀的形容詞→表示年齡,新舊的形容詞→表示色彩的形容詞→表示國籍,地區(qū),出處的形容詞→表示物質(zhì),材料的形容詞→表示用途,類別的形容詞→名詞中心詞.例如:
an exciting international football match一場令人激動的國際足球賽
a new red sports shirt一件新的紅色運(yùn)動衫
a light black plastic umbrella一把輕的黑塑料傘
a small old brown wooden house 一座小的舊的棕色的木頭房子
巧記形容詞的排列順序
不少學(xué)生對如何排列形容詞的順序頗感困惑.在此,我們向同學(xué)們介紹一個簡單的記憶方法.即請你記住"限觀形齡色國材"這幾個字,這似乎有點(diǎn)不大好記,那就請你記住"縣官行令謝國材"吧.其含義分別是:
"縣"(限)代表限定詞,包括冠詞,指示代詞,形容詞性物主代詞,名詞所有格,數(shù)詞等.
"官"(觀)代表表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞,如:fine,beautiful,interesting等.
"行"(形)代表表示大小,長短,高低及形狀的形容詞,如:small,tall,high,little,round等.
"令"(齡)代表表示年齡,新舊的形容詞,如:old,young等.
"謝"("色"的近似音)代表表示顏色的形容詞,如:white,black,yellow等.
"國"代表表示國籍,地區(qū),出處的形容詞(名詞),如:English,American,mountain等.
"材"則代表形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞,如:stone,wooden,silk,plastic等.
多個形容詞同時修飾一個名詞時,就按上述順序排列,然后加上中心名詞.例如:
1.a fine old stone bridge一座古老漂亮的石橋
big round new Chinese wooden tables 兩張新的中國式的木制大圓桌
large new black foreign car 他那輛新的大型黑色外國轎車
形容詞練習(xí)題
1） Tony is going camping with ___ boys.　
A.　little two other　B. two little other　　C.　two other little　 D.　little other two
2） One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone　B. Chinese old stone　C. old stone Chinese　D. Chinese stone old
3） ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
　 ---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny　 B. last few sunny　 C. last sunny few　 D. few sunny last
4）-- Are you feeling ____?　
　---- Yes，I'm fine now.
A. any well　B. any better　C. quite good　D. quite better
5）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.　
A.　more　 B.　much more　　 C.　much　　　 D.　more much
6）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.　
A. the happiest time　　B. a more happier time　
C. much happiest time　 D.　a much happier time
7）The weather in China is different from____.
A. in America　 B. one in America　 C. America
D. that in America
8）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many　　B. as many twice　　C. twice as many　D. twice many as
9）John has three sisters, Mary is the ____ of the three.
A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer
10). She told us ____ story that we all forget about the time.
A. such an interesting B. such interesting a
C. so an interesting D. a so interesting
11) The story sounds____.
A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true
12) The pianos in the other shop will be ____, but____.
A. cheaper, not as better B. more cheap, not as better
C. cheaper, not as good D. more cheap, not as good
13).----How did you find your visit to the museum? ----I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ____ than I expected.
A. far more interesting B. even much interesting
C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting
14) ____ food you’ve cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
15) These oranges taste____.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
16) The experiment was ____ easier than we expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
17) Canada is larger than ____ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
18) Which is _____ country, Canada or Australia?
A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger
19)----Are you feeling____?
----Yes, I am fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better
20) John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes____.
A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening
21）----Mum, I think I’m ____ to get back to school.
----Not really, my dear. You’d better to stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well B. so good C. Well enough D. good enough
22) ----I f you don’t like the red coat, take the blue one.
----Ok, but do you have ____ size in blue? This one’s a bit tight for me.
A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger
23) I t takes a long time to go there by train; it’s ____ by boat.
A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker
24) If there were no examinations, we should have____ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
25)----Have you finished your report yet?
----No, I’ll finish in ____ ten minutes.
A. another B. other C. more D. less
26)----How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
----It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ____days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
30) ____, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
答案與解析
1.答案是C。由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--（大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色） --性質(zhì)--名詞"的順序可知數(shù)詞，描繪詞，性質(zhì)依次順序，只有C符合答案。
2.答案A. 幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞，他們的排列順序是：年齡，形狀，大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。
3.答案是B。本題考查多個形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠近名詞；如果幾個形容詞的重要性差不多，音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的方在后，在不能確定時，可參照：限定詞+數(shù)量詞（序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后）+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞，如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。
4.答案是B. any 可修飾比較級，quite修飾原級，well的比較級為better.
5.答案是C.　much可修飾比較級，因此B，C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需more，因此C為正確答案。
6.答案是D。
7.答案是D. 本題意為"中國的天氣比美國熱。"比較的是天氣而不是國家，C不能選。A沒有名詞，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用來代替可數(shù)名詞，而that可車以代替不可數(shù)或抽象名詞，所以選D。
8.答案是C. 此句意為"這個廠1988能生產(chǎn)的拖拉機(jī)是往年的兩倍"。表示倍數(shù)用"倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形+ as +比較對象"的句型。所以此句答案為C.
9. 答案是C.比較范圍在三者或三者以上應(yīng)用最高級。
10。答案是A。在so(such)…that … 的句型中，so修飾形容詞或副詞，such修飾名詞。
11.答案是D. sound是連系動詞，后面應(yīng)接形容詞作表語。
12.答案是C。根據(jù)the other shop 的含義可判斷第一空白處為比較級，第二空白處為同級比較：not as good = not as good as the one in this shop.
13. 答案是A。多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級是在其前面加上more構(gòu)成，而比較級的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式可在其前面加上far.
14. 答案是D. 要掌握由what和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句的句型：
what + a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞
what+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
how+形容詞+ a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)
15. 答案是A. taste是連系動詞, good用作表語.
16. 答案是C. much用來修飾比較級easier.
17.答案是A. 要區(qū)分兩種句型: than+ any+ other+單數(shù)名詞(包括主語在內(nèi)); than+ any+ 單數(shù)名詞(不包括主語在內(nèi)). 眾所周知, 加拿大不屬于亞洲,所以A為正確答案.
18. 答案是D. 一般來說,形容詞比較級作表語時前面不加任何冠詞. 此句可理解為Canada is the two countries.
19. 答案是B. 本題考查對修飾比較級的程度副詞的掌握. any修飾比較級, 一般用于疑問句或否定句. quite 不能與比較級連用.
20. 答案是A. 本題考查對形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的掌握.當(dāng)open作賓補(bǔ)時, 一般用它的形容詞,不用它的現(xiàn)在分詞形式.
21. 答案是C. 對話的內(nèi)容是談?wù)撋眢w情況,所以形容詞應(yīng)選用well. 另外, enough作副詞修飾形容詞時應(yīng)放在形容詞之后.
22. 答案是B. 根據(jù)a bit tight for me的提示,可推斷答案應(yīng)為比較級. 形容詞的比較級修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時,前面應(yīng)加a/an.
23. 答案是D. 這是一個省略句, 全句的內(nèi)容是: It’s quicker to go there by boat than by train.
24. 答案是D. have a good/happy/wonderful time是習(xí)慣用法. much修飾比較級.
25. 答案是A. more 與another 在表示 ‘再’, ‘又’ 時,用法不同, more放在數(shù)詞后面,而another放在前面.
26. 答案是B. 本題考查對形容詞排列順序的掌握.
30. 答案是D.以 however 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,應(yīng)把 however所修飾的形容詞放在它的后面.同時, 主語謂語不顛倒.?