在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ),修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞的從句,叫做定語(yǔ)從句。

被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞,位于從句之前。定語(yǔ)從句有關(guān)系代詞that、which、who、whose、whom和關(guān)系副詞when 、where、why引導(dǎo).

定語(yǔ)從句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:

先行詞 + 關(guān)系代/副詞 + 句子

考點(diǎn)1. 關(guān)系代詞: that, which, who, whom, whose 關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why.

a. that-既可指人,也可指物,作主語(yǔ),不能省略;作賓語(yǔ),可以省略;不引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

There are lots of things ________ I need to prepare before the trip. (10河北)

A. who B. that C. whom D. whose

(答案: B)

b. which-指物,作主語(yǔ),不能省略;作賓語(yǔ),可以省略.可引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。

This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday. (08河北)

A. which B. what C. whose D. whom

(答案:A)

Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need. (09河北)

A. what B. who C. whom D. which

(答案:D)

c. who-般指人,作主語(yǔ),不能省略;作賓語(yǔ),可以省略,(常用whom)

Jamie is a young cook ________ wants to improve school dinners. (10天津)

A. who B. whose C. whom D. which

(答案:A)

d. whose 作定語(yǔ),表示所屬關(guān)系。

I like the teacher ________ classes are very interesting and creative. (09蘭州)

A. which B. who C. what D. whose

(答案:D)

e. when 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):When =介詞 + which

She will never forget the day when (=on which) she was married.

f. where 作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) where = 介詞 + which

I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.

g. why 作原因狀語(yǔ), 其先行詞常常是the reason. why = for which

That is the reason why(= for which) I’m late.

2. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式由先行詞定。

3. 有時(shí)只能用 that , 不用 which, 常見(jiàn)的情況有六種:

1).當(dāng)先行詞是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing ,或被它們修飾時(shí)。

That’s all that I know.

Is there anything that I can do for you?

2).當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.

3).當(dāng)先行詞有the very, the only, the same等修飾時(shí)。

That’s the only thing that I can do now. These are the very words that he used.

4).當(dāng)主句以 who 或 which開(kāi)頭時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用 that, 而不用 which 或 who.

Who is the girl that spoke to you just now? Which is the pen that you lost ?

5).先行詞同時(shí)包括人或物時(shí),關(guān)系詞用that.

The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate.

6).當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。

China is not the country that it was.

4. 只用 which ,不用that 的情況:

1).關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。

This is the cage that / which Polly lives in.

= This is the cage in which(where) Polly lives .

2).先行詞本身為 that.

The clock is that which tells the time.

3). 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。

His English, which used to be poor , is excellent now.

定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1.Sorry, we don’t have the coat ________ you need.

A. what B. who C. whom D. which

2.This is the dictionary ________ Mum gave me for my birthday.

A. which B. what C. whose D. whom

3.Do you know the man ________ is sitting behind Nancy?

A. what B. which C. who D. whom

4.The book ________ he bought yesterday is very interesting.

A. / B. why C. when D. what

5.I have found some pictures of the most interesting places ________ you can visit during the winter holidays.

A. where B. which C. what D. that

6.I’d like to tell you about the table manners ________ you should know when you visit Korea.

A. which B. who C. what D. how

7.I shall never forget those years ________ I lived on the farm with the farmers, ________has a great effect on my life.

A. when; who B. that; which

C. which; that D. when; which

8.Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?

A. that B. / C. which D. it

9.Is ________ some German friends visited last week?

A. this school B. this the school

C. this school one D. this school where

10.---What kind of music do you like?

---I like music ________ has great lyrics.

A. that B. what C. who D. whose

11.That is the only thing ________ I bought from the supermarket.

A. which B. that C. what D. where

12.The place ________ interested me most was the Children’s Palace.

A. which B. where C. what D. in which

13.The computer ________ last week has gone wrong.

A. which I bought it B. I bought

C. what I bought D. I bought it

14.That is the poor boy ________ father died in a traffic accident last year.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

15.Do you know the girl ________ is standing under the tree?

A. who B. whom C. which D. where

16.Is the woman ________ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?

A. who B. whom C. which D. what

17.The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.

A. what B. whose C. whom D. which

18.I like to live in a house ________ is big and bright.

A. that B. who C. how D. why

19.I hate people ________ talk much but do little.

A. whom B. which C. who D. when

20.I am one of the boys ________never late for school.

A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is

21.Mr Green, there is someone at the front desk ________ would like to speak with you.

A. he B. who C. which D. whom

22.I love the small village ________ I was born.

A. that B. which C. where D. whose

23.Here comes the girl ________ handwriting is the best in our class.

A. which B. whose C. that D. who

24.My parents usually buy me some simple clothes ________ can last a long time.

A. who B. that C. whom D. whose

25.---Is the girl ________ is interviewing the manager of that company your friend?

---Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.

A. whom B. which C. who D. whose

26.---Do you know everybody ________ came to the party?

---No, I don’t know the one________ you had a long talk with near the door.

A. who;/ B. whose; that

C. that; which D. /; whom

27.The boy________ won the first prize is called Roy.

A. when B. whom C. who D. which

28.Children like houses ________ are painted in different colours.

A. which B. they C. those D. what

29.Do you think most students prefer tests ________ have easy questions?

A. who B. where C. that D. it

30. He is one of the experienced engineers in this factory ________ hard work was repaid with the development of the factory.

A. where B. whose C. in which D. that

Keys:

1-5 DACAD

6-10 ADABA

11-15BABCA

16-20 ACACB

21-25 BCBBC

26-30ACACA