第二十一條 最高人民法院管轄下列第一審民事案件：

Article 21 The Supreme People's Court shall have jurisdiction as the court of first instance over the following civil cases:

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（一）在全國(guó)有重大影響的案件；

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(1) cases that have major impact on the whole country;

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（二）認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)由本院審理的案件。

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and (2) cases that the Supreme People's Court deems it should try.

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?第二節(jié) 地域管轄

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Section 2 Territorial Jurisdiction

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第二十二條 對(duì)公民提起的民事訴訟，由被告住所地人民法院管轄；被告住所地與經(jīng)常居住地不一致的，由經(jīng)常居住地人民法院管轄。

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"Article 22 A civil lawsuit brought against a citizen shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant has his domicile; if the place of the defendant's domicile is different from that of his habitual residence, the lawsuit shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place of his habitual residence."

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對(duì)法人或者其他組織提起的民事訴訟，由被告住所地人民法院管轄。

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A civil lawsuit brought against a legal person or any other organization shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant has his domicile.

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同一訴訟的幾個(gè)被告住所地、經(jīng)常居住地在兩個(gè)以上人民法院轄區(qū)的，各該人民法院都有管轄權(quán)。

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"Where the domiciles or habitual residences of several defendants in the same lawsuit are in the areas under the jurisdiction of two or more people's courts, all of those people's courts shall have jurisdiction over the lawsuit."

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第二十三條 下列民事訴訟，由原告住所地人民法院管轄；原告住所地與經(jīng)常居住地不一致的，由原告經(jīng)常居住地人民法院管轄：

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"Article 23 The civil lawsuits described below shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the plaintiff has his domicile; if the place of the plaintiff's domicile is different from that of his habitual residence, the lawsuit shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place of the plaintiff's habitual residence: "

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（一）對(duì)不在中華人民共和國(guó)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)居住的人提起的有關(guān)身份關(guān)系的訴訟；

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(1) those concerning personal status brought against persons not residing within the territory of the People's Republic of China;

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（二）對(duì)下落不明或者宣告失蹤的人提起的有關(guān)身份關(guān)系的訴訟；

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(2) those concerning the personal status of persons whose whereabouts are unknown or who have been declared as missing;

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（三）對(duì)被勞動(dòng)教養(yǎng)的人提起的訴訟；

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(3) those brought against persons who are undergoing rehabilitation through labour;

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（四）對(duì)被監(jiān)禁的人提起的訴訟。

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and (4) those brought against persons who are in imprisonment.

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第二十四條 因合同糾紛提起的訴訟，由被告住所地或者合同履行地人民法院管轄。

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Article 24 A lawsuit brought on a contract dispute shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant has his domicile or where the contract is performed.

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第二十五條 合同的雙方當(dāng)事人可以在書(shū)面合同中協(xié)議選擇被告住所地、合同履行地、合同簽訂地、原告住所地、標(biāo)的物所在地人民法院管轄，但不得違反本法對(duì)級(jí)別管轄和專屬管轄的規(guī)定。

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"Article 25 The parties to a contract may agree to choose in their written contract the people's court of the place where the defendant has his domicile, where the contract is performed, where the contract is signed, where the plaintiff has his domicile or where the object of the action is located to exercise jurisdiction over the case, provided that the provisions of this Law regarding jurisdiction by forum level and exclusive jurisdiction are not violated."

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第二十六條 因保險(xiǎn)合同糾紛提起的訴訟，由被告住所地或者保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的物所在地人民法院管轄。

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Article 26 A lawsuit brought on an insurance contract dispute shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the defendant has his domicile or where the insured object is located.

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第二十七條 因票據(jù)糾紛提起的訴訟，由票據(jù)支付地或者被告住所地人民法院管轄。

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Article 27 A lawsuit brought on a bill dispute shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the bill is to be paid or where the defendant has his domicile.

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第二十八條 因鐵路、公路、水上、航空運(yùn)輸和聯(lián)合運(yùn)輸合同糾紛提起的訴訟，由運(yùn)輸始發(fā)地、目的地或者被告住所地人民法院管轄。

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"Article 28 A lawsuit arising from a dispute over a railway, road, water, or air transport contract or over a combined transport contract shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place of dispatch or the place of destination or where the defendant has his domicile."

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第二十九條 因侵權(quán)行為提起的訴訟，由侵權(quán)行為地或者被告住所地人民法院管轄。

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Article 29 A lawsuit brought on a tortious act shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the tort is committed or where the defendant has his domicile.

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第三十條 因鐵路、公路、水上和航空事故請(qǐng)求損害賠償提起的訴訟，由事故發(fā)生地或者車(chē)輛、船舶最先到達(dá)地、航空器最先降落地或者被告住所地人民法院管轄。

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"Article 30 A lawsuit brought on claims for damages caused by a railway, road, water transport or air accident shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the accident occurred or where the vehicle or ship first arrived after the accident or where the aircraft first landed after the accident, or where the defendant has his domicile."

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第三十一條 因船舶碰撞或者其他海事?lián)p害事故請(qǐng)求損害賠償提起的訴訟，由碰撞發(fā)生地、碰撞船舶最先到達(dá)地、加害船舶被扣留地或者被告住所地人民法院管轄。

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"Article 31 A lawsuit brought on claims for damages caused by a collision at sea or by any other maritime accident shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the collision occurred or where the ship in collision first docked after the accident or where the ship at fault was detained, or where the defendant has his domicile."

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第三十二條 因海難救助費(fèi)用提起的訴訟，由救助地或者被救助船舶最先到達(dá)地人民法院管轄。

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Article 32 A lawsuit instituted for expenses of maritime salvage shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the salvage took place or where the salvaged ship first docked after the disaster.

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第三十三條 因共同海損提起的訴訟，由船舶最先到達(dá)地、共同海損理算地或者航程終止地的人民法院管轄。

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Article 33 A lawsuit brought for general average shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the ship first docked or where the adjustment of general average was conducted or where the voyage ended.

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第三十四條 下列案件，由本條規(guī)定的人民法院專屬管轄：

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Article 34 The following cases shall be under the exclusive jurisdiction of the people's courts herein specified:

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（一）因不動(dòng)產(chǎn)糾紛提起的訴訟，由不動(dòng)產(chǎn)所在地人民法院管轄；

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(1) a lawsuit brought on a dispute over real estate shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the estate is located;

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（二）因港口作業(yè)中發(fā)生糾紛提起的訴訟，由港口所在地人民法院管轄；

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(2) a lawsuit brought on a dispute over harbour operations shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the harbour is located;

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（三）因繼承遺產(chǎn)糾紛提起的訴訟，由被繼承人死亡時(shí)住所地或者主要遺產(chǎn)所在地人民法院管轄。

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"and (3) a lawsuit brought on a dispute over succession shall be under the jurisdiction of the people's court of the place where the decedent had his domicile upon his death, or where the principal part of his estate is located."

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第三十五條 兩個(gè)以上人民法院都有管轄權(quán)的訴訟，原告可以向其中一個(gè)人民法院起訴；

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"Article 35 When two or more people's courts have jurisdiction over a lawsuit, the plaintiff may bring his lawsuit in one of these people's courts; "

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原告向兩個(gè)以上有管轄權(quán)的人民法院起訴的，由最先立案的人民法院管轄。

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"if the plaintiff brings the lawsuit in two or more people's courts that have jurisdiction over the lawsuit, the people's court in which the case was first entertained shall have jurisdiction."

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第三節(jié) 移送管轄和指定管轄

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Section 3 Transfer and Designation of Jurisdiction

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第三十六條 人民法院發(fā)現(xiàn)受理的案件不屬于本院管轄的，應(yīng)當(dāng)移送有管轄權(quán)的人民法院，受移送的人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)受理。

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"Article 36 If a people's court finds that a case it has entertained is not under its jurisdiction, it shall refer the case to the people's court that has jurisdiction over the case. "

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受移送的人民法院認(rèn)為受移送的案件依照規(guī)定不屬于本院管轄的，應(yīng)當(dāng)報(bào)請(qǐng)上級(jí)人民法院指定管轄，不得再自行移送。

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"The people's court to which a case has been referred shall entertain the case, and if it considers that, according to the relevant regulations, the case referred to it is not under its jurisdiction, it shall report to a superior people's court for the designation of jurisdiction and shall not independently refer the case again to another people's court."

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第三十七條 有管轄權(quán)的人民法院由于特殊原因，不能行使管轄權(quán)的，由上級(jí)人民法院指定管轄。

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"Article 37 If a people's court which has jurisdiction over a case is unable to exercise the jurisdiction for special reasons, a superior people's court shall designate another court to exercise jurisdiction."

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人民法院之間因管轄權(quán)發(fā)生爭(zhēng)議，由爭(zhēng)議雙方協(xié)商解決；協(xié)商解決不了的，報(bào)請(qǐng)它們的共同上級(jí)人民法院指定管轄。

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"In the event of a jurisdictional dispute between two or more people's courts, it shall be resolved by the disputing parties through consultation; if the dispute cannot be so resolved, it shall be reported to their common superior people's court for the designation of jurisdiction."

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第三十八條 人民法院受理案件后，當(dāng)事人對(duì)管轄權(quán)有異議的，應(yīng)當(dāng)在提交答辯狀期間提出。

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"Article 38 If a party to an action objects to the jurisdiction of a people's court after the court has entertained the case, the party must raise the objection within the period prescribed for the submission of defence. "

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人民法院對(duì)當(dāng)事人提出的異議，應(yīng)當(dāng)審查。

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The people's court shall examine the objection.

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異議成立的，裁定將案件移送有管轄權(quán)的人民法院；異議不成立的，裁定駁回。

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"If the objection is established, the people's court shall order the case to be transferred to the people's court that has jurisdiction over it; if not, the people's court shall reject it."

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第三十九條 上級(jí)人民法院有權(quán)審理下級(jí)人民法院管轄的第一審民事案件，也可以把本院管轄的第一審民事案件交下級(jí)人民法院審理。

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Article 39 The people's courts at higher levels shall have the power to try civil cases over which the people's courts at lower levels have jurisdiction as courts of first instance; they may also transfer civil cases over which they themselves have jurisdiction as courts of first instance to people's courts at lower levels for trial.

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下級(jí)人民法院對(duì)它所管轄的第一審民事案件，認(rèn)為需要由上級(jí)人民法院審理的，可以報(bào)請(qǐng)上級(jí)人民法院審理。

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"If a people's court at a lower level that has jurisdiction over a civil case as court of first instance deems it necessary to have the case to be tried by a people's court at a higher level, it may submit it to and request the people's court at a higher level to try the case."

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第三章 審判組織

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Chapter III Trial Organization

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第四十條 人民法院審理第一審民事案件，由審判員、陪審員共同組成合議庭或者由審判員組成合議庭。

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Article 40 The people's court of first instance shall try civil cases by a collegial panel composed of both judges and judicial assessors or of judges alone.

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合議庭的成員人數(shù)，必須是單數(shù)。

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The collegial panel must have an odd number of members.

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適用簡(jiǎn)易程序?qū)徖淼拿袷掳讣?，由審判員一人獨(dú)任審理。

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Civil cases in which summary procedure is followed shall be tried by a single judge alone.

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陪審員在執(zhí)行陪審職務(wù)時(shí)，與審判員有同等的權(quán)利義務(wù)。

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"When performing their duties, the judicial assessors shall have equal rights and obligations as the judges."