【考研真題】1998年完型
來(lái)源:滬江聽(tīng)寫酷
2014-05-09 04:00
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這是一篇社會(huì)科學(xué)類議論文。
Industrial Revolution
Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They admitted that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the average man. But they insisted that its immediate results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the bulk of the English population. By contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a completely agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.
This view, however, is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists in history and economics, have shown two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was marked by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
直到最近,大多數(shù)歷史學(xué)家都猛烈抨擊工業(yè)革命。他們承認(rèn),從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的觀點(diǎn)看,工業(yè)化確實(shí)極大地提高了廣大民眾的生活水平。但是,他們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,1750年到1850年期間,工業(yè)化給大多數(shù)英國(guó)人民帶來(lái)的直接結(jié)果是全面的貧窮和苦難。與之相反,他們認(rèn)為,在此之前的1650到1750年的100年是一個(gè)相當(dāng)富有和繁榮的時(shí)期,當(dāng)時(shí)英國(guó)還是一個(gè)完全的農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)。
然而, 人們普遍認(rèn)為這種觀點(diǎn)不正確。研究歷史和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的專家已經(jīng)證明了兩件事:其一是1650到1750年期間的特征是極度貧窮,而工業(yè)化無(wú)疑并沒(méi)有使這種狀況惡化,實(shí)際上,它可能改善了大多數(shù)平民百姓的生活條件。
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